Distribution of REE, Y, Sc, and Th in the unique complex rare-metal ores of the Tomtor deposit

Intensive Chemical Weathering in the Arctic During the Miocene Climatic Optimum

“…The texture and paragenetic minerals of apatite-francolite ores at Sokli and Kovdor resemble deeply weathered carbonatites developed under humid tropical climates (Broom-Fendley et al, 2021;De Toledo et al, 2004). These include carbonatite palaeo-weathering profiles, including those of Permian age on the North Siberian Plain (70-73 • N) (Lapin et al, 2016) (Fig. 7) and Cretaceous age in Ontario, Canada (50 • N) (Sage, 1991).…”

“…7. Arctic location of Sokli, with locations for paleo-laterites (Lapin et al, 2016) and key sites for MCO palaeofloras (Denk et al, 2011;Popova et al, 2012;White et al, 1997). Digital Elevation Model from the GEBCO_2014 Grid, version 20,150,318, http://www.gebco.net.…”

On the Supply Dynamics of Scandium, Global Resources, Production, Oxide and Metal Price, a Prospective Modelling Study Using WORLD7

“…Some even speculate about deep ocean deposits, but if they ever can be extracted is still hypothetical (Hein et al, 2013). Other land resources are being researched (Huang et al, 2019, Kuzmin et al, 2019, Laqin et al, 2016, Liu et al, 2023. The Norwegian and Madagascan deposits are associated with gabbro and pegmatite formations, but are not used for production (Kristiansen 2003, Rosing-Schow 2020.…”

The genesis of regolith-hosted rare earth element and scandium deposits: Current understanding and outlook to future prospecting

“…2.1 成矿母岩特征 目前钪的主要来源是白云鄂博中富霓辉石的尾矿 以及铝土矿赤泥 [21] . 但是世界上还存在一些潜在的和 风化作用有关的钪资源, 主要分布在澳大利亚 [18] 、俄 罗斯 [22] 、新加里多尼亚 [23,24] 和阿根廷东北部 [25] . 与其他稀土元素不同的是, 风化壳型钪矿的形成 主要和基性-超基性岩有关.…”

“…在岩浆的演化过 程中, 较高的水压和氧逸度可以在一定程度上抑制斜 长石结晶 [65] , 从而有效地降低了辉石岩中斜长石的比 例, 提高了全岩的钪含量. 除基性-超基性岩之外, 在俄 罗斯托姆托尔的碳酸岩-霞石正长岩-霓霞岩杂岩体中 也发现了钪矿, 钪主要赋存在磷钇矿和独居石之中 [22] .…”