Distribution of selected trace and major elements around the massive sulfide deposit at the Penn Mine, California

Peterson, Jocelyn A.

doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.83.2.419

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…1), created in association with a sequence of submarine sedimentary and volcanic rocks within a Jurassic volcanic island arc (Peterson, 1985(Peterson, , 1988. This VMS deposit, classified as Sierran Kuroko by Singer (1992), was formed by hydrothermal activity in which heated sea water leached metals from existing rocks and formed stratiform lenses of fine-grained sulfides upon expulsion, as black smokers, into anoxic marine Fig.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of waste rock associated with acid drainage at the Penn Mine, California, by ground-based visible to short-wave infrared reflectance spectroscopy assisted by digital mapping

et al. 2005

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Prior to remediation at the abandoned Cu-Zn Penn Mine in the Foothills massive sulfide belt of the Sierra Nevada, CA, acid mine drainage (AMD) was created, in part, by the subaerial oxidation of sulfides exposed on several waste piles. To support remediation efforts, a mineralogical study of the waste piles was undertaken by acquiring reflectance spectra (measured in the visible to short-wave infrared range of light (0.35-2.5 Am) using a portable, digitally integrated pen tablet PC mapping system with differential global positioning system and laser rangefinder support. Analysis of the spectral data made use of a continuum removal and band-shape comparison method, and of reference spectral libraries of end-member minerals and mineral mixtures. Identification of secondary Fe-bearing minerals focused on band matching in the region between 0.43 and 1.3 Am. Identification of sheet and other silicates was based on band-shape analysis in the region between 1.9 and 2.4 Am. Analysis of reflectance spectra of characterized rock samples from the mine helped in gauging the spectral response to particle size and mixtures. The resulting mineral maps delineated a pattern of accumulation of secondary Fe minerals, wherein centers of copiapite and jarosite that formed at low pH (b3) were surrounded successively by goethite and hematite, which mark progressive increases in pH. This pattern represents the evolution of acid solutions discharged from the pyritic waste piles and the subsequent accumulation of secondary precipitates by hydrolysis reactions. The results highlight the high capacity of the pyritic waste to release further acid mine drainage into the environment, as well as the effectiveness of the mapping method to detect subtle changes in surface mineralogy and to produce maps useful to agencies responsible for remediating the site. D

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Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of waste rock associated with acid drainage at the Penn Mine, California, by ground-based visible to short-wave infrared reflectance spectroscopy assisted by digital mapping

et al. 2005

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“…Sulphur oases did exist in the oceanic and continental environments as the element concentrates into massive sulphide deposits at mid-ocean ridges, and when obducted and eroded on land (e.g. Peterson 1988;Gustin 1990;Slack et al 2007). It could build up into a sulphuretum within water bodies in closed drainages including the ocean.…”

Section: Colonization Of Land and The Origin Of Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary ecology during the rise of dioxygen in the Earth's atmosphere

Sleep

Bird

2008

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Pre-photosynthetic niches were meagre with a productivity of much less than 10 K4 of modern photosynthesis. Serpentinization, arc volcanism and ridge-axis volcanism reliably provided H 2 . Methanogens and acetogens reacted CO 2 with H 2 to obtain energy and make organic matter. These skills pre-adapted a bacterium for anoxygenic photosynthesis, probably starting with H 2 in lieu of an oxygen 'acceptor'. Use of ferrous iron and sulphide followed as abundant oxygen acceptors, allowing productivity to approach modern levels. The 'photobacterium' proliferated rooting much of the bacterial tree. Land photosynthetic microbes faced a dearth of oxygen acceptors and nutrients. A consortium of photosynthetic and soil bacteria aided weathering and access to ferrous iron. Biologically enhanced weathering led to the formation of shales and, ultimately, to granitic rocks. Already oxidized iron-poor sedimentary rocks and low-iron granites provided scant oxygen acceptors, as did freshwater in their drainages. Cyanobacteria evolved dioxygen production that relieved them of these vicissitudes. They did not immediately dominate the planet. Eventually, anoxygenic and oxygenic photosynthesis oxidized much of the Earth's crust and supplied sulphate to the ocean. Anoxygenic photosynthesis remained important until there was enough O 2 in downwelling seawater to quantitatively oxidize massive sulphides at mid-ocean ridge axes.

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Metallogenesis

Burt

1991

Reviews of Geophysics

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Distribution of selected trace and major elements around the massive sulfide deposit at the Penn Mine, California

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Characterization of waste rock associated with acid drainage at the Penn Mine, California, by ground-based visible to short-wave infrared reflectance spectroscopy assisted by digital mapping

Characterization of waste rock associated with acid drainage at the Penn Mine, California, by ground-based visible to short-wave infrared reflectance spectroscopy assisted by digital mapping

Evolutionary ecology during the rise of dioxygen in the Earth's atmosphere

Metallogenesis

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