Distribution of somatic cell count and udder pathogens in Norwegian dairy goats

Smistad, Marit; Sølverød, Liv; Inglingstad, R.A.; Østerås, Olav

doi:10.3168/jds.2021-20549

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…By far the highest SCC was observed for the SA group, with a mean value of 4377.83 × 10 3 cells/mL. This finding is consistent with the results of other studies that obtained a very high count in major pathogens infection [ 81 ]. However, other studies have detected similar changes regarding SCC in goat milk positive for NAS and major pathogens [ 82 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Milk Pathogens in Correlation with Inflammatory, Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress Markers in Goat Subclinical Mastitis

Novac

Nadăş

Matei

et al. 2022

Animals

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Goat mastitis is still frequently diagnosed in dairy farms, with serious consequences on milk quality and composition. The aim of this study was to establish correlations between milk microorganisms and biochemical parameters in goats with no signs of clinical mastitis. Thus, 76 milk samples were collected from a dairy goat farm, Carpathian breed, followed by microbiological, molecular (16S rRNA sequencing) and somatic cells analysis, determination of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), β-glucuronidase, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), nitric oxide (NO) and lipid peroxides (LPO) using spectrophotometry and the ELISA method for 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as the oxidative DNA damage indicator. Samples positive for bacterial growth showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the number of somatic cells, LDH and β-glucuronidase activity, as well as higher levels of CAT, GPx, NO, LPO and 8-OHdG compared with pathogen-free milk whereas TAC was lower in milk from an infected udder. These findings suggest that subclinical mastitis is associated with increased enzymatic activity and induction of oxidative stress. Nevertheless, changes in biochemical parameters tended to vary depending on the pathogen, the most notable mean values being observed overall in milk positive for Staphylococcus aureus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Milk Pathogens in Correlation with Inflammatory, Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress Markers in Goat Subclinical Mastitis

Novac

Nadăş

Matei

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…So far, the SCC threshold indicating mastitis in the udder of goats has not been agreed. We did not observe an effect of month/stage of lactation on SCS contrary to other studies (Paape et al, 2007;Persson et al, 2017;Smistad et al, 2021) but the relative proximity of our two samples, both in mid lactation when milk production was stabilized, could explain this observation. On the other hand, we detected a significant influence of parity on SCS, as did Smistad et al (2021).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, we detected a significant influence of parity on SCS, as did Smistad et al . (2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogens in milk of goats and their relationship with somatic cell count

Tvarožková,

Tančin,

Uhrinčať

et al. 2023

Journal of Dairy Research

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We evaluated the presence of bacterial pathogens in the milk of goats and their relationship with somatic cell count (SCC) and milk composition. The study was performed on a dairy farm in northern Slovakia. Half udder milk samples were collected from goats in June and July. The samples were divided on the basis of SCC into 4 bands (SCC1 lowest to SCC4 highest). Bacterial pathogens were only detected in 13% of samples. SCC3 and SCC4 had 15 and 25% positive samples respectively compared with SCC1 (2%) and SCC2 (14%). Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were the most common isolates (73%), of which Staphylococcus caprae was the most frequently isolated (65%). In samples with ≥ 1000 × 103 cells ml− 1 (SCC3, SCC4) there was higher somatic cell score (SCS) in the presence of a pathogen (7.48 ± 0.11) than without a pathogen (7.16 ± 0.05, P < 0.01). Statistically significant but weak negative correlations were observed between SCS and lactose, dry matter and non-fat dry matter. In conclusion, a higher percentage of bacteriologically positive milk samples was observed in both SCC3 and SCC4 groups but this does not explain the aetiology of high SCC in the milk of goats that are apparently free of bacteria. As a diagnostic tool, SCC is probably less useful in goats than in cows.

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“…Milk samples from all quarters were sent to TINE Mastitis Laboratory, Molde, Norway, for microbiological culture and identification. Bacteriological culturing was performed according to standard procedures ( 56 , 57 ). In brief, 0.01 mL of milk was spread on cattle blood agar plates with esculin and incubated at 37°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host DNA depletion methods and genome-centric metagenomics of bovine hindmilk microbiome

Duarte,

Porcellato

2024

mSphere

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Bovine mastitis is a multi-etiological and complex disease, resulting in serious economic consequences for dairy farmers and industry. In recent years, the microbiological evaluation of raw milk has been investigated in-depth using next-generation sequencing approaches such as metataxonomic analysis. Despite this, host DNA is a major concern in the shotgun metagenomic sequencing of microbial communities in milk samples, and it represents a big challenge. In this study, we aimed to evaluate different methods for host DNA depletion and/or microbial DNA enrichment and assess the use of PCR-based whole genome amplification in milk samples with high somatic cell count (SCC) by using short- and long-read sequencing technologies. Our results evidenced that DNA extraction performed differently in terms of host DNA removal, impacting metagenome composition and functional profiles.. Moreover, the ratio of SCC/bacteria ultimately impacts microbial DNA yield, and samples with low SCC (SCC below 100,000 cells/mL) are the most problematic. When milk samples with high SCC (SCC above 200,000 cells/mL) underwent multiple-displacement amplification (MDA), we successfully recovered high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), and long-read sequencing was feasible even for samples with low DNA concentration. By associating MDA and short‐read sequencing, we recovered two times more MAGs than in untreated samples, and an ongoing co‐infection not reported by traditional methods was detected for mastitis pathogen. Overall, this new approach will improve the detection of mastitis-associated microorganisms and make it possible to examine host-microbiome interactions in bovine mastitis. IMPORTANCE Next-generation sequencing technologies have been widely used to gain new insights into the diversity of the microbial community of milk samples and dairy products for different purposes such as microbial safety, profiling of starter cultures, and host-microbiome interactions. Milk is a complex food matrix, and additionally, the presence of host nucleic acid sequences is considered a contaminant in untargeted high-throughput sequencing studies. Therefore, genomic‐centric metagenomic studies of milk samples focusing on the health‐disease status in dairy cattle are still scarce, which makes it difficult to evaluate the microbial ecophysiology of bovine hindmilk. This study provides an alternative method for genome-centric metagenome studies applied to hindmilk samples with high somatic cell content, which is indispensable to examining host-microbiome interactions in bovine mastitis.

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Distribution of somatic cell count and udder pathogens in Norwegian dairy goats

Cited by 16 publications

References 22 publications

Milk Pathogens in Correlation with Inflammatory, Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress Markers in Goat Subclinical Mastitis

Milk Pathogens in Correlation with Inflammatory, Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress Markers in Goat Subclinical Mastitis

Pathogens in milk of goats and their relationship with somatic cell count

Host DNA depletion methods and genome-centric metagenomics of bovine hindmilk microbiome

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