Distribution of the Glucose Transporter in the Mammalian Brain

Dick, A. P.; Harik, Sami I.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb01755.x

Cited by 66 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Our results indicate the presence of a single class of saturable binding sites with a similar dissociation constant for each subcellular fraction. The maximal binding capacity of the P 10000 x g fraction present in chromaffin tissue correlates well with similar fractions from cerebral cortex and cerebellum from pig and rat brain [10,11]. When more enriched fractions from neuroblastoma and astrocytes were compared, the values reported were also very similar to that found in chromaffin tissue membrane preparations (12-16 pmol/mg protein) [25].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

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Glucose transporters in chromaffin cells: Subcellular distribution and characterization

Delicado

Torres

1988

FEBS Letters

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The glucose transporter was identified and characterized by cytochalasin B binding in subcellular membrane fractions of chromaffin tissue. The binding was saturable with a Kd of about 0.3/zM for each subceilular fraction. The Bm~ capacity was 12-16 pmol/mg protein for enriched plasma membrane fractions, 6.3 pmol/mg protein for mierosomal membrane preparations and 5.4 pmol/mg protein for chromaitin granule membranes. Irreversible photoaffinity labelling of the glucose-protectable binding sites with [aH]cytochaiasin B followed by solubilization and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis from enriched plasma membrane preparations demonstrated the presence of three molecular species: 97+ 10, 51.5 + 6 and 30 + 4 kDa. The chromaffin granule membranes showed only a molecular species of 80__+ 10 kDa.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…The glucose transport and transporters in neural tissues have been characterized [10,11], even for chromaffin cells [12], and the stimulatory effects of secretagogues and insulin established [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose transporters in chromaffin cells: Subcellular distribution and characterization

Delicado

Torres

1988

FEBS Letters

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“…Regional differences in the blood-to brain glucose transport may be due to (a) differ ences in the density and/or affinity of the glucose transporter of regional brain capillaries; (b) differ ences in vascular arrangement and capillary geom etry, which include capillary density and length; or (c) differences in capillary BF characteristics such as capillary hematocrit and flow velocity. The first possibility is not supported by studies of the glu cose transporter of isolated regional brain micro vessels (Dick and Harik, 1986).The object of this study was to ascertain whether regional differences in the blood-to-brain glucose transport are unique to glucose or if they are a function of regional differences in capillary distri bution and perfusion. To achieve our aim, we used two strategies: We studied (a) the regional blood-718 1.…”

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confidence: 80%

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confidence: 81%

Regional Studies of Blood—Brain Barrier Transport of Glucose and Leucine in Awake and Anesthetized Rats

LaManna

Harik

1986

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Summary: D-Glucose and L-leucine are transported across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by two separate carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion mechanisms. In the awake rat there are regional differences in blood-to-brain glucose transport among the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, and striatum. To determine whether these are due to variations in the regional density or affinity of the glucose transporter moiety of brain capillaries or are secondary to regional tissue perfusion and capillary ar rangement characteristics, we studied (a) regional blood to-brain transport of L-leucine in awake rats; (b) regional blood-to-brain transport of both glucose and leucine under chloral hydrate anesthesia, a condition associated with altered regional brain blood now (BF) and metabo lism; and (c) regional brain vascular volume, derived from the L-glucose and inulin spaces, in both awake andWe have reported regional differences in the blood-to-brain transport characteristics of D-glu cose in awake rats . Briefly summarized, glucose influx was similar in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum over a wide range of plasma glucose concentrations (2-40 mM), despite lower blood flow (BF) to the cerebellum. The lower BF is balanced by a higher glucose ex traction fraction in the cerebellum. Because glu cose metabolic rate is lower in the cerebellum than in the cerebral cortex of awake rats (Sokoloff et al., 1977), the cerebellum is relatively oversupplied with glucose, which may explain its relative resis tance to hypoglycemia (Abdul-Rahman and Siesjo, 1980; Agardh et aI., 1981; Ratcheson et aI., 1981; Kiessling et aI., 1982). On the other hand, the Abbreviations used: BBB, blood-brain barrier; BF, blood flow; PS, permeability-surface area. 717anesthetized rats. We found the same regional differences in blood-to-brain leucine transport in awake rats as we previously described for D-glucose transport. These re gional differences in glucose and leucine transport disap pear under chloral hydrate anesthesia, as regional differ ences in BF are abolished. However, we found regional differences in the brain vascular volumes, which are evi dent in wakefulness and persist during anesthesia. These results suggest that the regional differences in blood-to brain transport are due mainly to local tissue perfusion and capillary arrangement characteristics rather than to intrinsic regional differences in the transport systems of the BBB. Key Words: Blood-brain barrier-Regional brain blood flow-Regional brain blood volume-Re gional brain capillary characteristics-Regional brain glucose and leucine transport.blood-to-brain glucose transport capacity of the hippocampus was significantly less than that of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum, which may render the hippocampus glucose deficient under condi tions associated with high glucose metabolism such as seizures. Regional differences in the blood-to brain glucose transport may be due to (a) differ ences in the density and/or affinity of the glucose transporter of regional brain capillaries; (b)...

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“…When radiolabeled cytochalasin B, which binds specifically to glucose transporter molecules, was used as a ligand, the existence of variations in the density of labeling of cerebellar microvessels was also reported (Dick and Harik 1986;Tucker and Cunningham 1988). Dick and Harik (1986) observed that the labeling density with cytochalasin B was slightly lower in the rat cerebellar than in cerebral microvessels, whereas in the pig, this lowering was more pronounced (almost to 50%). According to these authors, the differences in density of GLUT-1 molecules in the microvascular wall are related to different utilization of glucose in a given brain region: higher density of transporter molecules means higher glucose utilization by neurons.…”

Section: Figure 15mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Immunocytochemical Study of Blood-Brain Barrier Glucose Transporter (GLUT-1) in Four Regions of Mouse Brain

Dobrogowska

Vorbrodt

1999

J Histochem Cytochem.

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SUMMARY Application of immunogold cytochemistry revealed polar (asymmetric) distribution of GLUT-1 in mouse brain microvascular endothelia, representing the anatomic site of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This polarity was manifested by an approximately threefold higher immunolabeling density of the abluminal than the luminal plasma membrane of the endothelial cells. The immunoreaction for GLUT-1 in nonbarrier continuous (skeletal muscle) or fenestrated (brain circumventricular organs) microvascular endothelial cells was absent. In the choroid plexus, the basolateral plasmalemma of the epithelial cells was labeled more intensely than the vascular fenestrated endothelium. Addition of morphometry to the applied immunogold technique makes it possible for even subtle differences to be revealed in the density of immunolabeling for GLUT-1 in blood microvessels located in four brain regions. We found that the density of immunosignals in the microvessels supplying the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum was essentially similar, whereas in the olfactory bulb it was significantly lower. Asymmetric distribution of GLUT-1 in the endothelial plasma membranes presumably leads to a reduced concentration of glucose molecules in the endothelial cells compared to blood plasma and also secures their more rapid transport across the abluminal plasmalemma to the brain parenchyma.

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Distribution of the Glucose Transporter in the Mammalian Brain

Cited by 66 publications

References 28 publications

Glucose transporters in chromaffin cells: Subcellular distribution and characterization

Glucose transporters in chromaffin cells: Subcellular distribution and characterization

Regional Studies of Blood—Brain Barrier Transport of Glucose and Leucine in Awake and Anesthetized Rats

Quantitative Immunocytochemical Study of Blood-Brain Barrier Glucose Transporter (GLUT-1) in Four Regions of Mouse Brain

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