Distribution, structure, and mineralization of calcified cartilage remnants in hard antlers

Kierdorf, Uwe; Stock, Stuart R.; Gómez, Santiago; Antipova, Olga; Kierdorf, Horst

doi:10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101571

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The Zn enrichment in reversal lines that was observed by SR‐XRF mapping of the pedicles matches the findings in other bones. The phenomenon has been attributed to Zn ions incorporated in the apatite or to metalloenzymes buried in these lines during the remodeling process (Gomez et al, 2006 ; Kierdorf et al, 2022 ; Pemmer et al, 2013 ). In line with earlier findings in porcine bone (Gomez et al, 1999 ), studies on antler bone found higher Zn levels at the mineralization front of forming primary osteons (Kierdorf et al, 2022 ; Landete‐Castillejos et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For backscattered electron (BSE) imaging of block surfaces in the SEM, the horizontal section plane (located at pedicle mid‐height) of embedded or unembedded pedicle bone samples were smoothed and polished as described previously (Kierdorf et al, 2022 ). Additionally, after studying the natural separation surface by SE‐imaging, the left pedicle of individual No.8 was transversely cut about 6 mm below the separation surface to observe the internal structure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bone resorption and formation in the pedicles of European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in relation to the antler cycle—A morphological and microanalytical study

et al. 2023

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We analyzed pedicle bone from roe bucks that had died around antler casting or shortly before or during the rutting period. Pedicles obtained around antler casting were highly porous and showed signs of intense osteoclastic activity that had caused the formation of an abscission line. Following the detachment of the antler plus a portion of pedicle bone, osteoclastic activity in the pedicles continued for some time, and new bone was deposited onto the separation plane of the pedicle stump, leading to partial pedicle restoration. Pedicles obtained around the rutting period were compact structures. The newly formed, often very large secondary osteons, which had filled the resorption cavities, exhibited a lower mineral density than the persisting older bone. The middle zones of the lamellar infilling frequently showed hypomineralized lamellae and enlarged osteocyte lacunae. This indicates a deficiency in mineral elements during the formation of these zones that occurred along with peak antler mineralization. We suggest that growing antlers and compacting pedicles compete for mineral elements, with the rapidly growing antlers being the more effective sinks. The competition between the two simultaneously mineralizing structures is probably more severe in Capreolus capreolus than in other cervids. This is because roe bucks regrow their antlers during late autumn and winter, a period of limited food and associated mineral supply. The pedicle is a heavily remodeled bone structure with distinct seasonal variation in porosity. Pedicle remodeling differs in several aspects from the normal bone remodeling process in the mammalian skeleton.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone resorption and formation in the pedicles of European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in relation to the antler cycle—A morphological and microanalytical study

et al. 2023

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“…The results showed the SEA of functionally graded foamfilled structure was improved by 12% compared to uniform foam-filled structure. Zhang et al [14] also found that the graded foam-filled tubes exhibit Antler and its cross-section microstructure with size-gradient design (Adapted from [31], Copyright (2009), with permission from Elsevier; Adapted from [32], Copyright (2022). CC BY 4.0.; Adapted from [34], Copyright (2008), with permission from Elsevier).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to compete for territory, bucks often use their antlers as weapons or shields to collide with each other (figure 2) [31,32]. However, the antlers bear tremendous impact force and bending moment without fracture, and have excellent strength and toughness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on crashworthiness and mechanism of a bionic antler-like gradient thin-walled structure

Wei¹,

Zhang²,

Zheng³

2023

Bioinspir. Biomim.

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Inspired by an impact-resistant antler, a novel size-gradient thin-walled structure is designed as an energy absorber. Its crashworthiness and mechanism are investigated by finite element simulation. The results show that the bionic-antler gradient structure has excellent crashworthiness performance with the specific energy absorption of 2.17 and 1.29 times that of cylinder and fractal spider web, respectively, and the crushing force efficiency as high as 91.54%. Furthermore, when its specific energy absorption is the same as that of the fractal spider web, the peak crushing force can be reduced by 35%. The bionic-antler gradient structure produces many folds due to small folding wavelength, which expands the scope of energy storage area and improves the value of energy storage. Increasing properly the cell size-gradient or decreasing the average cell size can further enhance the crashworthiness performance of the bionic-antler gradient structure.

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“…Mineralized tissues (a) can grow and be replaced over time, (b) can form and be added to over time [recording structures (Klevezal, 1996)] or (c) can be periodically shed and totally replaced. Considering the calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate mineralized tissues, examples of (a) include bone and its remodeling (Kenkre & Bassett, 2018), rodent incisors (Pugach & Gibson, 2014) and sea urchin teeth (Ma ¨rkel et al, 1977); of (b) fish otoliths (Campana & Neilson, 1985), tooth cementum (Naji et al, 2022) and shark vertebrae (Natanson et al, 2018); of (c) deer antlers (Kierdorf et al, 2022) and stomatopod dactyl clubs (Christensen et al, 2023). These three classes provide different windows into biomineralization and dactyl clubs, and their non-equilibrium mineral constituents are the topic discussed in a paper by Christensen et al in this issue of IUCrJ.…”

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confidence: 99%

On `Flexible design in the stomatopod dactyl club'

Stock¹

2023

Int Union Crystallogr J

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Distribution, structure, and mineralization of calcified cartilage remnants in hard antlers

Cited by 7 publications

References 64 publications

Bone resorption and formation in the pedicles of European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in relation to the antler cycle—A morphological and microanalytical study

Bone resorption and formation in the pedicles of European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in relation to the antler cycle—A morphological and microanalytical study

Investigation on crashworthiness and mechanism of a bionic antler-like gradient thin-walled structure

On `Flexible design in the stomatopod dactyl club'

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