Distributional and ecological review of the four horned antelope, Tetracerus quadricornis

Krishna, Yedhu; Clyne, Peter; Krishnaswamy, Jagdish; Kumar, N. Samba

doi:10.1515/mamm.2009.003

Cited by 21 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Scale bar=10μm that in spite of the numerous rearrangements present in Boselaphus and Tetracerus, the two extant members of the tribe Boselaphini, none is shared between them. This indicates that although endemic to subcontinental India (Krishna et al 2009) and occurring in sympatry in woodlands in this region, the changes arose independently in both lineages suggesting that chromosomal speciation through selection and/or stochastic processes may have driven the rapid diversification of Boselaphini during the Late Miocene.…”

Section: Centromeric and Telomeric Characteristics Of Tetracerus Chromentioning

confidence: 94%

A paradox revealed: karyotype evolution in the four-horned antelope occurs by tandem fusion (Mammalia, Bovidae, Tetracerus quadricornis)

et al. 2010

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The four-horned antelope, Tetracerus quadricornis, is a karyotypic novelty in Bovidae since chromosomal evolution in this species is driven by tandem fusions in contradiction to the overwhelming influence of Robertsonian fusions in other species within the family. Using a combination of differential staining and molecular cytogenetic techniques, we provide the first description of the species' karyotype, draw phylogenetic inferences from the cytogenetic data and discuss possible mechanisms underlying the formation of the tandem fusions in this species. We show (a) that pairs 1-6 of Tetracerus correspond to a combination of Bos taurus orthologous chromosomes that are tandemly fused head to tail, (b) the presence of interstitial centromeric satellite DNA at the junctions of orthologous blocks defined by the cross-species painting data and (c) that in some instances, residual telomeric sequences persist at these sites. We conclude that the attendant result of each fusion is an enlarged acrocentric fusion element comprising a single functional centromere and two terminal telomeres that, collectively, led to a reduction of the 2n = 58 bovid ancestral acrocentric chromosomal complement to the 2n = 38 detected in the four-horned antelope.

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Section: Centromeric and Telomeric Characteristics Of Tetracerus Chromentioning

confidence: 94%

A paradox revealed: karyotype evolution in the four-horned antelope occurs by tandem fusion (Mammalia, Bovidae, Tetracerus quadricornis)

et al. 2010

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“…Similarly, in Central India, Sharma (2006) and have studied its behavioural ecology in Panna National Park. More recently, there have been a few review documentations on its taxonomic nomenclature, distribution, ecology and behaviour (Leslie and Sharma, 2009;Krishna et al, 2009). Site specific published data on food and feeding, social organization, breeding and their implications are essential for conservation planning of any wildlife animals and it is more important for habitat specific species like four-horned antelope that lives in low density with high sensitivity to human disturbance (Baskaran and Desai 1999;Baskaran et al, 2009;Krishna et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural ecology of four-horned antelope (Tetracerus quadricornis de Blainville, 1816) in the tropical forests of southern India

Baskaran

Kannan

Thiyagesan³

et al. 2011

Mammalian Biology

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a b s t r a c tFour-horned antelope is one of the smallest Asian bovids, endemic to India and Nepal. Despite its wide distribution in India, the species has received very little scientific attention. We studied its habitat preference, activity budget, diet, social behaviour and breeding in Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary. Among tropical dry deciduous and thorn forests, where the species is distributed, higher abundance was observed in dry deciduous areas (0.26 individuals/km, 95% CI = 0.22-0.29) especially the short grass habitat associated with stunted and sparse tree growth known as 'tree-savanna' than the dry thorn forest (0.09 individuals/km, CI = 0.001-0.18). The antelopes follow a bimodal feeding pattern with 52% morning (06:00-10:00 h) and 65% evening (14:00-18:00 h) devoted to feeding. Diet was studied by analyzing 59 pellets collected from two major habitat types during the dry season. Of the 52% of the diet components identified, grass (28.6%, 14 species) and browse biomass (23.3%, 10 species; with five herbs (9.6%), one shrub (5.6%) and leaves and fruits from four trees (8.2%)) constituted equal parts indicating a mixed feeder category. Mean group size of 1.5 (±0.71 SD range: 1-4) individuals estimated from 94 direct sightings with solitary individuals (62%) and adult with fawn/s (11%) constituting over 70% of the sightings indicating a non-herding nature of the species. Newborns were sighted from February to May with a peak during April and the reported gestation period of c. 8 months suggests mating taking place during June-August. Mean litter size was 1.6 (±0.53 SD, n = 9). The study suggests the need for including dry thorn forest habitats of Sigur plateau in the existing protected areas and detailed studies for long-term conservation of the species in this region.

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“…In particular, the isolated Nepalese FHA population might be at high risk of extinction because of its small distribution range and population size (Johnson ; Krishna et al. ). Furthermore, eastern parts of Churia range predicted to be suitable as FHA habitat are outside the protected areas and thus might have high poaching pressure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another interesting feature of our model was its prediction of a small part of Sindh Province in Pakistan as suitable FHA habitat because the species used to be found in those areas (Roberts ; Krishna et al. ). Reintroduction of FHA in the Sindh Province may prove successful to restore the FHA population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predicting potential distribution of poorly known species with small database: the case of four‐horned antelopeTetracerus quadricornison the Indian subcontinent

Pokharel

Ludwig

Storch

2016

Ecology and Evolution

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Information gaps on the distribution of data deficient and rare species such as four‐horned antelope (FHA) in Nepal may impair their conservation. We aimed to empirically predict the distribution of FHA in Nepal with the help of data from the Indian subcontinent. Additionally, we wanted to identify core areas and gaps within the reported range limits and to assess the degree of isolation of known Nepalese populations from the main distribution areas in India. The tropical part of the Indian subcontinent (65°–90° eastern longitude, 5°–30° northern latitude), that is, the areas south of the Himalayan Mountains. Using MaxEnt and accounting for sampling bias, we developed predictive distribution models from environmental and topographical variables, and known presence locations of the study species in India and Nepal. We address and discuss the use of target group vs. random background. The prediction map reveals a disjunct distribution of FHA with core areas in the tropical parts of central to southern–western India. At the scale of the Indian subcontinent, suitable FHA habitat area in Nepal was small. The Indo‐Gangetic Plain isolates Nepalese from the Indian FHA populations, but the distribution area extends further south than proposed by the current IUCN map. A low to intermediate temperature seasonality as well as low precipitation during the dry and warm season contributed most to the prediction of FHA distribution. The predicted distribution maps confirm other FHA range maps but also indicate that suitable areas exist south of the known range. Results further highlight that small populations in the Nepalese Terai Arc are isolated from the Indian core distribution and therefore might be under high extinction risk.

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Distributional and ecological review of the four horned antelope, Tetracerus quadricornis

Cited by 21 publications

References 15 publications

A paradox revealed: karyotype evolution in the four-horned antelope occurs by tandem fusion (Mammalia, Bovidae, Tetracerus quadricornis)

A paradox revealed: karyotype evolution in the four-horned antelope occurs by tandem fusion (Mammalia, Bovidae, Tetracerus quadricornis)

Behavioural ecology of four-horned antelope (Tetracerus quadricornis de Blainville, 1816) in the tropical forests of southern India

Predicting potential distribution of poorly known species with small database: the case of four‐horned antelopeTetracerus quadricornison the Indian subcontinent

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