Distributional patterns of the Order Gomphales (Fungi: Basidiomycota) in Mexico

Abstract

The distribution and endemicity patterns of Gomphales in Mexico are analyzed here for the first time. Richness and corrected endemism were obtained from a dataset of 3,483 records for 97 species, using a cell-grid system of one degree per side. The central region of Mexico (Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Hidalgo and Estado de México states), which includes most of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt and Sierra Madre Oriental biogeographic provinces, had the highest richness values, but Mexican areas in the Pacific Coast (Jalisco and Michoacán states) and southeastern Mexico (Oaxaca and Chiapas states) had the most distinctive composition, as measured by the corrected endemism index. Two main distributional patterns were recovered: a) montane: at elevations above 1000 m on coniferous, pine-oak, oak and cloud forests, typified by the presence of species of Ramaria and Clavariadelphus, b) lowlands: at elevations below 1000 m mainly in evergreen, rainforest and deciduous tropical forests characterized by the presence of four tropical species of Lentaria, two tropical species of Gomphus endemic to Mexico, and four tropical species of Phaeoclavulina. The eight species of Gomphales endemic to Mexico have very restricted distribution, mostly in non-protected areas, and are not considered under special protection programs. The present contribution delineates general patterns of distribution for the Gomphales, and documents its diversity and endemism in Mexico.

Do plant‐based biogeographical regions shape aphyllophoroid fungal communities in Europe?

“…These regions are the richest in plant species and also support the highest diversity of woody hosts. Studies from other continents support the finding that the highest aphyllophoroid fungal species richness is found at middle latitudes and decreases towards the north and south (Gonzalez‐Avila, Luna‐Vega, Garcia‐Sandoval, & Contreras‐Medina, ; Mukhin, ; Shiryaev, ), indicating that aphylloporoid fungal diversity might generally be lower in warm and/or dry regions. This could reflect that the often long‐lasting aphyllophoroid fruitbodies are poorly adapted to stressful climates, which typically involve strong fluctuations in humidity and extreme temperatures.…”

“…The values at the nodes indicate the branch support from ordinary bootstrapping (left) and multiscale bootstrapping from 59 increased species pool (right). The nodes which have been identified to have consistent increase in support or no consistent increase in support during the steps of multiscale bootstrapping are shown in black and red, respectively (see Section 2 and Appendix S3.9 for a statistical explanation 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 | 1191 found at middle latitudes and decreases towards the north and south (Gonzalez-Avila, Luna-Vega, Garcia-Sandoval, & Contreras-Medina, 2016;Mukhin, 1993;Shiryaev, 2014), indicating that aphylloporoid fungal diversity might generally be lower in warm and/or dry regions.…”

Riqueza y endemismo de las especies de Clavariadelphus (Clavariadelphaceae: Gomphales) en la Faja Volcánica Transmexicana

“…Los resultados obtenidos por Morales-Torres et al (1999) para el género Amanita, un taxón ectomicorrizógeno, coinciden con el presente estudio en el sentido de que la mayor riqueza de especies se encuentra en bosques mixtos de pino-encino, siendo la región central de la FVTM la que concentra el mayor número de registros. Los bosques templados del Estado de México son diversos no sólo en especies de Clavariadelphus, sino que también albergan una riqueza extraordinaria de otros hongos bien estudiados como los pertenecientes al orden Gomphales (González-Ávila et al, 2016).…”

“…Al menos 4 de los 25 cuadros contienen entre el 33.3 y el 46.7% de las especies norteamericanas. No obstante lo anterior, en algunos casos el muestreo ha sido insuficiente y el esfuerzo de recolecta de Clavariadelphus se nota más hacia los estados que rodean a la Ciudad de México, que es en donde se concentran importantes centros de investigación de los hongos mexicanos y son de fácil acceso (Delgadillo et al, 2003;González-Ávila et al, 2016). En otros casos el bajo número de especies no es un artefacto del muestreo, sino un reflejo de la reducción en la cubierta vegetal, que se ha visto mermada por actividades antrópicas.…”