Distributionally sensitive measurement and valuation of population health

Da Costa, Shaun; O’Donnell, Owen; Van Gestel, Raf

doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2023.102847

Journal of Health Economics

2024

DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2023.102847

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Distributionally sensitive measurement and valuation of population health

Shaun Da Costa,

Owen O’Donnell,

Raf Van Gestel

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2024

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Cited by 3 publications

References 72 publications

(102 reference statements)

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Quality- and productivity-adjusted life years: From QALYs to PALYs and beyond

Hansen,

Moreno-Ternero,

Østerdal

2024

Journal of Health Economics

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Quality- and productivity-adjusted life years: From QALYs to PALYs and beyond

Hansen,

Moreno-Ternero,

Østerdal

2024

Journal of Health Economics

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The economic value of reducing mortality due to noncommunicable diseases and injuries

Verguet,

Bolongaita,

Chang

et al. 2024

Nat Med

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With population aging, national health systems face difficult trade-offs in allocating resources. The World Bank launched the Healthy Longevity Initiative to generate evidence for investing in policies that can improve healthy longevity and human capital. As part of this initiative, we quantified the economic value of reducing avoidable mortality from major noncommunicable diseases and injuries. We estimated avoidable mortality—the difference between lowest-achieved mortality frontiers and projected mortality trajectories—for each cause of death, for 2000, 2019 and 2050, and for geographic regions, with high-income countries, India and China considered separately; we applied economic values to these estimates. The economic value of reducing cardiovascular disease avoidable mortality would be large for both sexes in all regions, reaching 2–8% of annual income in 2019. For cancers, it would be 5–6% of annual income in high-income countries and China, and for injuries, it would be around 5% in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean. Despite the large uncertainty surrounding our estimates, we offer economic values for reducing avoidable mortality by cause and metrics comparable to annual incomes, which enable multisectoral priority setting and are relevant for high-level policy discussions around budget and resource allocations.

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Ranking Age-at-Death Distributions Using Dominance: Robust Evaluation of United States Mortality Trends, 2006–2021

Issa,

Van Ourti,

van Baal

et al. 2024

Demography

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Diverging mortality trends at different ages motivate the monitoring of lifespan inequality alongside life expectancy. Conclusions are ambiguous when life expectancy and lifespan inequality move in the same direction or when inequality measures display inconsistent trends. We propose using nonparametric dominance analysis to obtain a robust ranking of age-at-death distributions. Application to U.S. period life tables for 2006–2021 reveals that, until 2014, more recent years generally dominate earlier years, implying improvement if longer lifespans that are less unequally distributed are considered better. Improvements were more pronounced for non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic individuals than for non-Hispanic White individuals. Since 2014, for all subpopulations—particularly Hispanics—earlier years often dominate more recent years, indicating worsening age-at-death distributions if shorter and more unequal lifespans are considered worse. Dramatic deterioration of the distributions in 2020–2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic is most evident for Hispanic individuals.

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Distributionally sensitive measurement and valuation of population health

Cited by 3 publications

References 72 publications

Quality- and productivity-adjusted life years: From QALYs to PALYs and beyond

Quality- and productivity-adjusted life years: From QALYs to PALYs and beyond

The economic value of reducing mortality due to noncommunicable diseases and injuries

Ranking Age-at-Death Distributions Using Dominance: Robust Evaluation of United States Mortality Trends, 2006–2021

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