Distributions, origins, and health-risk assessment of nitrate in groundwater in typical alluvial-pluvial fans, North China Plain

Gan, Lin; Huang, Guanxing; Pei, Lixin; Gan, Y.Q.; Liu, Chunyan; Yang, Mingnan; Han, Dongya; Song, Jiangmin

doi:10.1007/s11356-021-17067-4

Cited by 26 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Unlike the above major ions, the median value of NO 3 − in shallow groundwater in the PP was more than twice that in CP and LP. This indicates that shallow groundwater NO 3 − contamination was more often in the PP than in the other two sub-plains because shallow groundwater in the PP was characterized by stronger oxidizing environments and lower COD levels in comparison with that in the other two sub-plains [10,13,47]. This is also probably responsible for the higher median concentration of NO 3 − in deep groundwater in the PP than in the CP.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Groundwater Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Specifically, the PC2 had SPL of NO 3 − and Ca 2+ and MPL of K + and TH. This factor probably represented the dissolution of Ca-rich minerals accompanied by the infiltration of domestic sewage and animal waste because domestic sewage and animal waste are an enrichment of N and K and are main sources for high levels of NO 3 − and K + in shallow groundwater in the PP [10,36,47], and NO 3 − contamination results in the dissolution of calcium-rich minerals in vadose zone via water flow [44]. As a consequence, water-rock interaction, groundwater over-extraction (salinisation), and the infiltration of domestic sewage and animal waste (dissolution of calcium-rich minerals) were mainly responsible for the occurrence of TH-rich shallow groundwater in the PP.…”

Section: Principal Components Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution and Origins of Hardness in Shallow and Deep Groundwaters of the Hebei Plain, China

Qian,

Zhen,

Yue

et al. 2024

Water

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Elevated hardness concentrations in groundwater have become a noteworthy concern in recent decades because long-term drinking of groundwater with high levels of hardness is an important factor resulting in chronic kidney diseases. In this study, the distribution and origins of groundwater total hardness (TH) in various sub-plains and different land-use areas of the Hebei Plain (HBP) were investigated. A total of 445 groundwater samples in the HBP were collected once in 2021, and twelve chemical parameters, including TH in groundwater, were analyzed. Results showed that TH-rich (>450 mg/L) shallow groundwater in both the central and littoral plains was more than twice that in the Piedmont plain. Similarly, TH-rich deep groundwater accounted for about 18% in the central plain but was negligible in the Piedmont plain. In the Piedmont plain, TH-rich shallow groundwater in urban areas was twice or more than in other land use types. By contrast, both TH-rich shallow and deep groundwaters in agricultural areas in the central plain were higher than those in rural areas. This was opposite to TH-rich shallow groundwater in the littoral plain. In the Piedmont plain, TH-rich shallow groundwater was mainly attributed to water-rock interaction, groundwater over-extraction, and the infiltration of domestic sewage and animal waste. In the central plain, both TH-rich shallow and deep groundwaters likely ascribed to the evaporite dissolution and seawater intrusion. By contrast, the leaching of agricultural fertilizers resulting in the dissolution of Ca-rich and Mg-rich minerals in the vadose zone was mainly responsible for the occurrence of TH-rich shallow groundwater in the littoral plain. Therefore, in order to limit elevated hardness concentrations in groundwater in the HBP, limiting shallow groundwater extraction and strengthening the supervision of the domestic sewage and animal waste in the Piedmont plain are recommended. Besides, restricting the use of nitrogenous fertilizers in the littoral plain is also recommended.

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Section: Characteristics Of Groundwater Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Principal Components Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and Origins of Hardness in Shallow and Deep Groundwaters of the Hebei Plain, China

Qian,

Zhen,

Yue

et al. 2024

Water

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“…, and median concentrations of groundwater HCO 3 − , SO 4 2− , Cl − , and NO 3 − in phreatic aquifers were 1.7 times, 2.1 times, 1.3 times, and 8 times of those in confined aquifers, respectively. This is probably due to the anthropogenic inputs of these anions and the infiltration of dissolution of related minerals (e.g., calcite, dolomite, gypsum, and halite) in the vadose zone for phreatic aquifers rather than for confined aquifers [8,16]. Unlike major anions, median values of groundwater major cations in phreatic aquifers were shown in an order of Ca 2+ > Na + > Mg 2+ > K + , but those in confined aquifers presented an order of Na + > Ca 2+ > Mg 2+ > K + .…”

Section: Characteristics Of Groundwater Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, many intense human activities such as urbanization, industrialization, mining activities, and agricultural intensification have impacted regional groundwater quality in recent decades on a global scale [3][4][5][6][7]. For example, Gan et al reported that domestic sewage and animal waste were major sources of groundwater nitrate pollution in several alluvial-pluvial fans in the Hebei Plain due to urbanization and agricultural activities [8]. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the current status of hydrogeochemical characteristics and groundwater quality for groundwater management in the Hebei Plain because various human activities likely have already changed hydrogeochemical conditions and water quality in the groundwater of this area [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Groundwater Quality in Phreatic and Confined Aquifers of the Hebei Plain, China

Qian,

Hou,

Wang

et al. 2023

Water

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This study aims to investigate hydrogeochemical characteristics and groundwater quality in the Hebei Plain and to discuss factors controlling the groundwater quality. A total of 54 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for 31 hydrogeochemical parameters, and a fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE) method was used for assessing groundwater quality. Results show groundwater total hardness, total dissolved solids (TDS), and major ions excluding K+ in phreatic aquifers higher than that in confined aquifers. From the Piedmont plain to the littoral plain, phreatic aquifers towards the reducing environment, and the enhancement of water–rock interaction, ion exchange process, and evaporation probably resulted in the increase in groundwater TDS, major ions (excluding HCO3− and SO42−), B, and Mn concentrations. Moreover, phreatic groundwater chemistry was mainly controlled by rock weathering changing into evaporite dissolution and seawater intrusion from the Piedmont plain to the littoral plain, according to the Gibbs diagram. The proportion of drinkable groundwater in confined aquifers was 1.6 times that in phreatic aquifers. In phreatic aquifers, the proportion of drinkable groundwater in the Piedmont plain was as high as 68%, but none of the drinkable groundwater occurred in the central and littoral plains. Groundwater quality in phreatic aquifers was mainly controlled by five factors, including the water–rock interaction, the marine geogenic sources, the agricultural pollution, the acidification, and the reductive environment. By contrast, groundwater quality in confined aquifers was mainly controlled by three factors, including the water–rock interaction and redox processes, agricultural pollution, and the input of external water. Therefore, in the Hebei Plain, groundwater in confined aquifers is more suitable for drinking purposes than in phreatic aquifers. Additionally, phreatic groundwater in the Piedmont plain should be protected.

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“…As one of the most important crop-producing regions of China, the North China Plain has a total area of 300,000 km 2 . In the past decades, its groundwater consumption increased sharply because of population growth, urbanization and development of industry and agriculture ( Changming et al, 2001 ; Chen et al, 2020 ; Jing et al, 2023 ; Xiao et al, 2023 ), causing various environmental geologic problems, including groundwater table fall, water quality worsening and surface subsidence ( Changming et al, 2001 ; Shi et al, 2020 ; Gan et al, 2022 ). Notably, groundwater table can regulate soil microbial species richness and composition ( Bai et al, 2020 ; Wu et al, 2020 ; Zhang et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different responses of abundant and rare bacterial composition to groundwater depth and reduced nitrogen application in summer maize field

Bai,

Guo,

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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IntroductionIt is well known that reduced nitrogen application and groundwater depth can change soil microbial communities, but the associated difference in the response of abundant and rare bacterial composition to these local environmental changes remains unclear.MethodsIn this study a lysimeter experiment was carried out to examine the impact of reduced nitrogen and groundwater depth on the composition of abundant and rare bacteria.Results and discussionOur results demonstrated that the summer maize field soil species composition of rare bacterial sub-communities was significantly regulated by reduced nitrogen application, groundwater depth change and their interactions. However, only reduced nitrogen application had a significant influence on the species composition of abundant bacterial sub-communities. The structural equation model (SEM) indicated that reduced nitrogen application and groundwater depth change also could indirectly regulate the species composition of abundant and rare bacteria by altering soil attributes. The changes in soil pH and TSN had the most significant effects on the community composition of abundant and rare bacteria, respectively. More importantly, rare bacterial sub-communities were more sensitive to the changes in nitrogen input, groundwater depth and soil factors. Collectively, our study first demonstrated that abundant and rare microbial sub-communities responded differently to reduced nitrogen application and groundwater depth change. This study highlights that summer maize farmland production management should take nitrogen input and groundwater depth into consideration to maintain the compositional stability of soil rare microbial sub-communities.

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Distributions, origins, and health-risk assessment of nitrate in groundwater in typical alluvial-pluvial fans, North China Plain

Cited by 26 publications

References 64 publications

Distribution and Origins of Hardness in Shallow and Deep Groundwaters of the Hebei Plain, China

Distribution and Origins of Hardness in Shallow and Deep Groundwaters of the Hebei Plain, China

Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Groundwater Quality in Phreatic and Confined Aquifers of the Hebei Plain, China

Different responses of abundant and rare bacterial composition to groundwater depth and reduced nitrogen application in summer maize field

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