Distributions, profiles and formation mechanisms of polychlorinated naphthalenes in cement kilns co-processing municipal waste incinerator fly ash

Liu, Guorui; Zhan, Jiayu; Zhao, Yuyang; Li, Li; Jiang, Xiaoxu; Fu, Jianjie; Li, Chunping; Zheng, Minghui

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.069

Cited by 56 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…This knowledge could aid the development of techniques for controlling the formation and emission of PCBs in the key stages of a cement kiln when it is used to co-process MSWI fly ash. The PCB distributions in the particulate samples from different parts of the kilns were similar to the PCDD, PCDF, and PCN distributions that we previously found in cement kilns co-processing MSWI fly ash (Liu et al, , 2016. Because the major sites of PCB formation in the cement kilns were same for PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCNs, it should be possible to develop techniques for simultaneously controlling formation of PCBs and other unintentionally produced POPs.…”

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confidence: 74%

“…The pilot cement kilns the samples were collected from are described in detail in our earlier research (Liu et al, , 2016. Cement kilns 1 and 2 had daily clinker outputs of about 2000 and 2500 t, respectively.…”

Section: The Cement Kilns and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particulate samples were collected from different process stages of the kiln systems. A diagram showing the processes that occur in a cement kiln, and further information on the locations for sample collection is included in our earlier research (Liu et al, , 2016. Kiln back-end particulate samples from the cyclone preheater outlet, suspension pre-heater boilers, humidifier towers, raw mill, bag filters were labeled as Ck-p1, Ck-p2, Ck-p3, Ck-p4 and Ck-p5, respectively.…”

Section: The Cement Kilns and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cement kilns 1 and 2 had daily clinker outputs of about 2000 and 2500 t, respectively. Kiln 1 had been used to continuously co-process MSWI fly ash at a rate of 20 t d À1 for about 300 d. Kiln 2 had not previously been used to co-process MSWI fly ash, and was studied to evaluate the effect of long-term treatment of MSWI fly ash on the formation of PCBs in kiln 1 (Liu et al, , 2016. The chemical composition of MSWI fly ash added into the cement kilns was determined by X-ray fluorescence (Table S1).…”

Section: The Cement Kilns and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have previously studied the formation and distribution of PCDD/Fs and polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in two cement kilns co-processing MSWI fly ash, and the emissions of PCDD/Fs and PCNs from these kilns (Liu et al, , 2016. However, the distributions within the kiln and homolog and congener patterns of PCBs have not been described.…”

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Concentrations and patterns of polychlorinated biphenyls at different process stages of cement kilns co-processing waste incinerator fly ash

et al. 2016

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a b s t r a c tCement kilns can be used to co-process fly ash from municipal solid waste incinerators. However, this might increase emission of organic pollutants like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Knowledge of PCB concentrations and homolog and congener patterns at different stages in this process could be used to assess the possibility of simultaneously controlling emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and ''dioxin-like" compounds. To date, emissions from cement kilns coprocessing fly ash from municipal solid waste incinerators have not been analyzed for PCBs. In this study, stack gas and particulate samples from two cement kilns co-processing waste incinerator fly ash were analyzed for PCBs. The average total tri-to deca-chlorinated biphenyl ( P 3-10 PCB) concentration in the stack gas samples was 10.15 ng m À3. The P 3-10 PCB concentration ranges in particulate samples from different stages were 0.83-41.79 ng g À1 for cement kiln 1 and 0.13-1.69 ng g À1 for cement kiln 2. The P 3-10 PCB concentrations were much higher in particulate samples from the suspension pre-heater boiler, humidifier tower, and kiln back-end bag filters than in particulate samples from other stages. For these three stages, PCBs contributed to 15-18% of the total PCB, PCDD/F, and polychlorinated naphthalene toxic equivalents in stack gases and particulate matter. The PCB distributions were similar to those found in other studies for PCDD/Fs and polychlorinated naphthalenes, which suggest that it may be possible to simultaneously control emissions of multiple organic pollutants from cement kilns. Homolog patterns in the particulate samples were dominated by the pentachlorobiphenyls. CB-105, CB-118, and CB-123 were the dominant dioxin-like PCB congeners that formed at the back-end of the cement kiln. A mass balance of PCBs in the cement kilns indicated that the total mass of PCBs in the stack gases and clinker was about half the mass of PCBs in the raw materials.

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confidence: 74%

Section: The Cement Kilns and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Cement Kilns and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Cement Kilns and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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