District Heating Systems: An Analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats of the 4GDH

Schweiger, Gerald; Kuttin, Fabian; Posch, Alfred

doi:10.3390/en12244748

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Additionally, thermal energy storage is said to play an important role in 4GDH; therefore, the shift in time between thermal energy production and its utilization is not problematic [52]. Furthermore, the crucial innovation deals with intelligent control and metering of DH network performance as well as heat demand forecasting [53].…”

Section: District Heating Generationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Asset Management for District Heating Systems in the Baltic Sea Region

et al. 2021

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The purpose of this review is to provide insight and a comparison of the current status of district heating (DH) systems for selected Baltic Sea countries (Denmark, Germany, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Sweden), especially from viewpoints of application and solutions of novel smart asset management (SAM) approaches. Furthermore, this paper considers European projects ongoing from 2016, involving participants from the Baltic Sea Region, concerning various aspects of DH systems. The review presents the energy sources with particular attention to renewable energy sources (RES), district heating generations, and the exploitation problems of DH systems. The essential point is a comparison of traditional maintenance systems versus SAM solutions for optimal design, operating conditions, and controlling of the DH networks. The main conclusions regarding DH systems in Baltic Sea countries are commitment towards a transition to 4th generation DH, raising the quality and efficiency of heat supply systems, and simultaneously minimizing the costs. The overall trends show that applied technologies aim to increase the share of renewable energy sources and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, examples presented in this review underline the importance of the implementation of a smart asset management concept to modern DH systems.

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Section: District Heating Generationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Asset Management for District Heating Systems in the Baltic Sea Region

et al. 2021

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“…However, transition to renewable energy needs to be supported with other measures, otherwise, the transition to 100% renewable energy system cannot be achieved. To reduce GHG emissions from the energy sector, (i) the energy demand must be reduced, (ii) efficiency for generating and distributing of energy improved, (iii) end use electrified, and (iv) the share of renewable energy substantially increased [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power-to-X in Denmark: An Analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats

et al. 2021

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Power-to-X is an upcoming sector-coupling technology that can play a role in the decarbonisation of energy systems. The aim of this study was to widen the current knowledge of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of this innovative technology in the Danish context by utilizing the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to evaluate and compare perception of academic and industrial experts. The results of this analysis indicate that the external factors such as current policy framework are more important than the internal technology related factors. Further, positive factors predominate negative ones, with academic experts indicating strengths as the most important category and practitioners’ opportunities. All experts consider the country being a P2X knowledge hub as one of the most important factors, and in the given context of the Danish energy system, wind developments and Danish industrial environment, seizing this opportunity could be the biggest enabler for P2X success.

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“…Wand et al [3] studied the flexibility of two different CHP units considering the day-ahead market and real-time wind power balancing. Nowadays, the progressive development of digitization and the use of advanced data analysis methods is a trend in the so-called 4th generation district heating [4,5]. The main element is short-term (up to several days) planning of energy production, based on the expected heat load profile [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forecasting of Heat Production in Combined Heat and Power Plants Using Generalized Additive Models

Bujalski

Madejski

2021

Energies

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The paper presents a developed methodology of short-term forecasting for heat production in combined heat and power (CHP) plants using a big data-driven model. An accurate prediction of an hourly heat load in the day-ahead horizon allows a better planning and optimization of energy and heat production by cogeneration units. The method of training and testing the predictive model with the use of generalized additive model (GAM) was developed and presented. The weather data as an input variables of the model were discussed to show the impact of weather conditions on the quality of predicted heat load. The new approach focuses on an application of the moving window with the learning data set from the last several days in order to adaptively train the model. The influence of the training window size on the accuracy of forecasts was evaluated. Different versions of the model, depending on the set of input variables and GAM parameters were compared. The results presented in the paper were obtained using a data coming from the real district heating system of a European city. The accuracy of the methods during the different periods of heating season was performed by comparing heat demand forecasts with actual values, coming from a measuring system located in the case study CHP plant. As a result, a model with an averaged percentage error for the analyzed period (November–March) of less than 7% was obtained.

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District Heating Systems: An Analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats of the 4GDH

Cited by 10 publications

References 47 publications

Smart Asset Management for District Heating Systems in the Baltic Sea Region

Smart Asset Management for District Heating Systems in the Baltic Sea Region

Power-to-X in Denmark: An Analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats

Forecasting of Heat Production in Combined Heat and Power Plants Using Generalized Additive Models

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