Disturbance alters the forest soil microbiome

Bowd, Elle; Banks, Sam C.; Bissett, Andrew; May, Tom W.; Lindenmayer, David B.

doi:10.1111/mec.16242

Cited by 43 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…Associations between microbial communities and fire (Dooley & Treseder, 2012; Holden et al, 2013, 2016) and between microbial communities and biotic and abiotic properties (Bowd et al, 2022; Tedersoo et al, 2014; Wardle & Jonsson, 2014) have been well‐documented, although their capacity to interact and influence these communities are seldom investigated (Bowd, Banks, et al, 2021). Despite this, it is widely recognised that fire is a key regulator of plant communities (Foster et al, 2018; Tepley et al, 2018) and nutrient cycles, and influences the input (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on these research questions, we constructed three hypotheses that are outlined below.Hypothesis Fire will influence microbial communities both directly and indirectly through interactions with plants, microbes and abiotic properties. This is because while microbial communities may be sensitive to direct fire effects (via fire‐induced mortality) (Bååth et al, 1995; Glassman et al, 2016), they also have well‐known associations with abiotic and biotic properties (Bowd et al., 2022; Tedersoo et al, 2014; Wardle & Jonsson, 2014) that can also be altered by fire (Bowd, Banks, et al, 2021; Butler et al., 2019; Foster et al, 2017; Pellegrini et al, 2018). Hypothesis Direct and indirect fire effects will vary within and between microbial communities and groups, likely reflecting species‐specific physiological and ecological differences, disturbance tolerances and specific functional roles (Bååth et al, 1995; Sun et al, 2015; Voriskova & Baldrian, 2013; Wardle & Jonsson, 2014; Waring et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hypothesis 1 Fire will influence microbial communities both directly and indirectly through interactions with plants, microbes and abiotic properties. This is because while microbial communities may be sensitive to direct fire effects (via fire-induced mortality) (Bååth et al, 1995;Glassman et al, 2016), they also have wellknown associations with abiotic and biotic properties (Bowd et al, 2022;Tedersoo et al, 2014;Wardle & Jonsson, 2014) that can also be altered by fire (Bowd, Banks, et al, 2021;Butler et al, 2019;Foster et al, 2017;Pellegrini et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct and indirect effects of fire on microbial communities in a pyrodiverse dry‐sclerophyll forest

et al. 2022

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1. Fire is one of the predominant drivers of the structural and functional dynamics of forest ecosystems. In recent years, novel fire regimes have posed a major challenge to the management of pyrodiverse forests. While previous research efforts have focused on quantifying the impacts of fire on above-ground forest biodiversity, how microbial communities respond to fire is less understood, despite their functional significance.2. Here, we describe the effects of time since fire, fire frequency and their interaction on soil and leaf litter fungal and bacterial communities from the pyrodiverse, Eucalyptus pilularis forests of south-eastern Australia. Using structural equation models, we also elucidate how fire can influence these communities both directly and indirectly through biotic-abiotic interactions.3. Our results demonstrate that fire is a key driver of litter and soil bacterial and fungal communities, with effects most pronounced for soil fungal communities. Notably, recently burnt forest hosted lower abundances of symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi and Acidobacteria in the soil, and basidiomycetous fungi and Actinobacteriota in the litter. Compared with low fire frequencies, high fire frequency increased soil fungal plant pathogens, but reduced Actinobacteriota.The majority of fire effects on microbial communities were mediated by fireinduced changes in litter and soil abiotic properties. For instance, recent and more frequent fire was associated with reduced soil sulphur, which led to an increase in soil fungal plant pathogens and saprotrophic fungi in these sites.Pathogenic fungi also increased in recently burnt forests that had a low fire frequency, mediated by a decline in litter carbon and an increase in soil pH in these sites. Synthesis.Our findings indicate that predicted increases in the frequency of fire may select for specific microbial communities directly and indirectly through ecological interactions, which may have functional implications for plants (increase in pathogens, decrease in symbionts), decomposition rates (declines in Actinobacteriota and Acidobacteriota) and carbon storage (decrease in

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct and indirect effects of fire on microbial communities in a pyrodiverse dry‐sclerophyll forest

et al. 2022

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“…Similar increases in disease incidence have been observed in plantations in Tasmania that were established on sites previously occupied by natural forests (Carnegie, 2007). A recent study demonstrated that forest disturbances alter the diversity and composition of the soil microbiome (Bowd et al, 2021). For example, the diversity of saprotrophic fungi was positively associated with the number of fire events.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long evolutionary history of an emerging fungal pathogen of diverse tree species in eastern Asia, Australia and the Pacific Islands

et al. 2022

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Emerging plant pathogens have been increasing exponentially over the last century. To address this issue, it is critical to determine whether these pathogens are native to ecosystems or have been recently introduced. Understanding the ecological and evolutionary processes fostering emergence can help to manage their spread and predict epidemics/epiphytotics. Using restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing data, we studied genetic relationships, pathways of spread and the evolutionary history of Phellinus noxius, an emerging root‐rotting fungus of unknown origin, in eastern Asia, Australia and the Pacific Islands. We analysed patterns of genetic variation using Bayesian inference, maximum‐likelihood phylogeny, population splits and mixtures measuring correlations in allele frequencies and genetic drift, and finally applied coalescent‐based theory using Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) with supervised machine learning. Population structure analyses revealed five genetic groups with signatures of complex recent and ancient migration histories. The most probable scenario of ancient pathogen spread is movement from an unsampled population to Malaysia and the Pacific Islands, with subsequent spread to Taiwan and Australia. Furthermore, ABC analyses indicate P. noxius spread occurred thousands of generations ago, contradicting previous assumptions that this pathogen was recently introduced to multiple geographical regions. Our results suggest that recent emergence of P. noxius in eastern Asia, Australia and the Pacific Islands has probably been driven by anthropogenic and natural disturbances, such as deforestation, land‐use change, severe weather events and/or introduction of exotic plants. This study provides a novel example of applying genome‐wide allele frequency data to unravel the dynamics of pathogen emergence under changing ecosystem conditions.

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“…Microbial biomass is characteristically lowered following a wildfire [8,9], and recovery of soil communities may span decades [9]. Microbial diversity would be expected to decline with the number of fires, as noted by Bowd et al [10]. However, soil erodibility is enhanced post-fire [11], which would aid in the dispersal of organisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Functional Biogeography of eDNA Metacommunities in the Post-Fire Landscape of the Angeles National Forest

et al. 2022

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Wildfires have continued to increase in frequency and severity in Southern California due in part to climate change. To gain a further understanding of microbial soil communities’ response to fire and functions that may enhance post-wildfire resilience, soil fungal and bacterial microbiomes were studied from different wildfire areas in the Gold Creek Preserve within the Angeles National Forest using 16S, FITS, 18S, 12S, PITS, and COI amplicon sequencing. Sequencing datasets from December 2020 and June 2021 samplings were analyzed using QIIME2, ranacapa, stats, vcd, EZBioCloud, and mixomics. Significant differences were found among bacterial and fungal taxa associated with different fire areas in the Gold Creek Preserve. There was evidence of seasonal shifts in the alpha diversity of the bacterial communities. In the sparse partial least squares analysis, there were strong associations (r > 0.8) between longitude, elevation, and a defined cluster of Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs). The Chi-square test revealed differences in fungi–bacteria (F:B) proportions between different trails (p = 2 × 10−16). sPLS results focused on a cluster of Green Trail samples with high elevation and longitude. Analysis revealed the cluster included the post-fire pioneer fungi Pyronema and Tremella. Chlorellales algae and possibly pathogenic Fusarium sequences were elevated. Bacterivorous Corallococcus, which secretes antimicrobials, and bacterivorous flagellate Spumella were associated with the cluster. There was functional redundancy in clusters that were differently composed but shared similar ecological functions. These results implied a set of traits for post-fire resiliency. These included photo-autotrophy, mineralization of pyrolyzed organic matter and aromatic/oily compounds, potential pathogenicity and parasitism, antimicrobials, and N-metabolism.

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Disturbance alters the forest soil microbiome

Abstract: In the current period of rapid, global, environmental change, forest ecosystems face many compounding and interacting challenges

Cited by 43 publications

References 129 publications

Direct and indirect effects of fire on microbial communities in a pyrodiverse dry‐sclerophyll forest

Direct and indirect effects of fire on microbial communities in a pyrodiverse dry‐sclerophyll forest

Long evolutionary history of an emerging fungal pathogen of diverse tree species in eastern Asia, Australia and the Pacific Islands

The Functional Biogeography of eDNA Metacommunities in the Post-Fire Landscape of the Angeles National Forest

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