Disturbances in large bowel motility

Spiller, Robin C.

doi:10.1053/bega.1999.0035

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…This includes hypo-and hyperganglionosis (Shirasawa et al, 1997;Yamataka et al, 2001), as well as the loss of specific neuronal subpopulations (Blaugrund et al, 1996). These changes may cause functional constipation, intestinal pseudo-obstruction (Camilleri, 2001;Stanghellini et al, 1988) or irritable bowel syndrome (Aros and Camilleri, 2001;Quigley, 1999;Schmulson, 2001;Spiller, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GDNF availability determines enteric neuron number by controlling precursor proliferation

et al. 2003

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To clarify the role of Ret signaling components in enteric nervous system (ENS) development, we evaluated ENS anatomy and intestinal contractility in mice heterozygous for Ret, GFRα1 and Ret ligands. These analyses demonstrate that glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neurturin are important for different aspects of ENS development. Neurturin is essential for maintaining the size of mature enteric neurons and the extent of neuronal projections, but does not influence enteric neuron number. GDNF availability determines enteric neuron number by controlling ENS precursor proliferation. However, we were unable to find evidence of programmed cell death in the wild type ENS by immunohistochemistry for activated caspase 3. In addition, enteric neuron number is normal in Bax -/-and Bid -/-mice, suggesting that, in contrast to most of the rest of the nervous system, programmed cell death is not important for determining enteric neuron numbers. Only mild reductions in neuron size and neuronal fiber counts occur in Ret +/-and Gfra1 +/-mice. All of these heterozygous mice, however, have striking problems with intestinal contractility and neurotransmitter release, demonstrating that Ret signaling is critical for both ENS structure and function.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GDNF availability determines enteric neuron number by controlling precursor proliferation

et al. 2003

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“…It may be mediated via the neural reflex, and either the nociceptive or nonnociceptive afferent pathway is involved, which is correlated with distension volumes and visceral sensation (19). More recent studies showed that sympathovagal balance was altered in IBS patients (23,41,45), but it is not clear whether these activities are altered with RD.Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medicine involving stimulation of the acupoints in the skin by thin, metallic needles that are manipulated manually or combined with electrical stimulation, a procedure referred to as electroacupuncture (EA). Acupressure is a noninvasive medical technique conducted by pressing on the acupoints with the fingers or by an embedded stud over the acupoints.…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Electroacupuncture improves impaired gastric motility and slow waves induced by rectal distension in dogs

Chen¹,

Song²,

Yin³

et al. 2008

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

112

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puncture improves impaired gastric motility and slow waves induced by rectal distension in dogs. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 295: G614 -G620, 2008. First published July 24, 2008 doi:10.1152/ajpgi.90322.2008 is known to induce upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of RD on gastric slow waves (GSW) and motor activity and furthermore to investigate the effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) on GSW and motor activity. Eight female hound dogs chronically implanted with gastric serosal electrodes and a gastric fistula were studied in six separate sessions. Antral motility, GSW, heart rate variability, and rectal pressure were evaluated for the above purposes. 1) RD at a volume of 120 ml suppressed antral motility significantly. Guanethidine blocked the inhibitory effect of RD. EA at ST36 was able to restore the suppressed antral contractions induced by RD (16.6 Ϯ 1.7 vs. 8.0 Ϯ 1.4, P Ͻ 0.001). Naloxone partially blocked the effect of EA on antral contractions. 2) RD reduced the percentage of normal GSW from 98.8 Ϯ 0.8% at baseline to 76.1 Ϯ 8.6% (P Ͻ 0.05) that was increased to 91.8 Ϯ 3.0% with EA. The effects of EA on the GSW were nullified by the presence of naloxone. 3) EA did not show any significant effect on rectal pressure, suggesting that the ameliorating effects of EA on RD-induced impaired gastric motility were not due to a decrease in rectal pressure. 4) EA increased the vagal activity suppressed by RD. In conclusion, RD inhibits postprandial gastric motility and impairs GSW in dogs, and the inhibitory effects are mediated via the adrenergic pathways. EA at ST36 is able to restore the RD-induced impaired GSW and motor activities, possibly by enhancing vagal activity, and is partially mediated via the opioid pathway. EA may have therapeutic potential for functional gastrointestinal disorders. adrenergic pathway; gastric slow waves; naloxone CHRONIC, IDIOPATHIC, slow-transit constipation and constipationdominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are commonly observed in clinical practice. These patients frequently complain of upper abdominal symptoms such as bloating, upper abdominal discomfort or pain, and vomiting. The symptoms overlap with lower abdominal symptoms and are resistant to dietary and pharmacological treatments because of the constipation issues; they are related to the presence of impaired gastrointestinal myoelectrical activity and reduced upper gastrointestinal motor activity (1,4,13,31,33,37). This phenomenon has led to the hypothesis that rectal distension (RD) with fecal stasis in the colorectal region directly causes reflexive inhibition of proximal gastrointestinal motility (5,7,9,22,32,50).A number of investigations have indicated that RD induces upper gastrointestinal symptoms, inhibits gastric tone and accommodation, and delays gastric emptying (3, 14, 20 -21, 24, 34 -35, 50). However, little information about the effects of RD on gastric contractions is available, although gastric co...

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“…The similar time to peak serum 5-HT levels in the 3 conditions showed that postprandial 5-HT concentrations could be related to something other than intestinal transit. Moderate GI transit abnormalities in IBS patients have been reported (25,26). Thus, it is difficult to deduce that change in transit is the only factor that induces increased postprandial plasma 5-HT concentration during diarrhea and causes inadequate increase during constipation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postprandial platelet-poor plasma 5-hydroxytryptamine concentrations during diarrhea and constipation periods of alternatingtype irritable bowel syndrome patients

Şen

Pınarbaşı²,

İşsever³

et al. 2011

Turk J Gastroenterol

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Disturbances in large bowel motility

Cited by 19 publications

References 109 publications

GDNF availability determines enteric neuron number by controlling precursor proliferation

GDNF availability determines enteric neuron number by controlling precursor proliferation

Electroacupuncture improves impaired gastric motility and slow waves induced by rectal distension in dogs

Postprandial platelet-poor plasma 5-hydroxytryptamine concentrations during diarrhea and constipation periods of alternatingtype irritable bowel syndrome patients

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