Disturbed eating at high altitude: influence of food preferences, acute mountain sickness and satiation hormones

Aeberli, Isabelle; Erb, Annina; Spliethoff, Kerstin; Meier, Daniel M.; Götze, Oliver; Frühauf, Heiko; Fox, Mark; Finlayson, Graham; Gassmann, Max; Berneis, Kaspar; Maggiorini, Marco; Langhans, Wolfgang; Lutz, Thomas

doi:10.1007/s00394-012-0366-9

Cited by 49 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In 239 humans, exposure to high altitude and hence a lower oxygen concentration, also increased the 240 amounts of circulating gastrins (1,7,18,31). To investigate the hypothesis that increased gastrin 241 gene expression would confer a selective benefit on oxygen-stressed animals, hGAS mice, which 242 over-express the gastrin precursor progastrin in the liver, and mice of the corresponding wild-type 243 FVB/N strain were exposed to normoxia or to hypoxia, and physiological responses investigated.…”

Section: Discussion 238mentioning

confidence: 97%

Increased gastrin gene expression provides a physiological advantage to mice under hypoxic conditions

Laval

Baldwin

Shulkes

et al. 2015

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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Hypoxia, or a low concentration of O2, is encountered in humans undertaking activities such as mountain climbing and scuba diving and is important pathophysiologically as a limiting factor in tumor growth. Although data on the interplay between hypoxia and gastrins are limited, gastrin expression is upregulated by hypoxia in gastrointestinal cancer cell lines, and gastrins counterbalance hypoxia by stimulating angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this study was to determine if higher concentrations of the gastrin precursor progastrin are protective against hypoxia in vivo. hGAS mice, which overexpress progastrin in the liver, and mice of the corresponding wild-type FVB/N strain were exposed to normoxia or hypoxia. Iron status was assessed by measurement of serum iron parameters, real-time PCR for mRNAs encoding critical iron regulatory proteins, and Perls' stain and atomic absorption spectrometry for tissue iron concentrations. FVB/N mice lost weight at a faster rate and had higher sickness scores than hGAS mice exposed to hypoxia. Serum iron levels were lower in hGAS than FVB/N mice and decreased further when the animals were exposed to hypoxia. The concentration of iron in the liver was strikingly lower in hGAS than FVB/N mice. We conclude that increased circulating concentrations of progastrin provide a physiological advantage against systemic hypoxia in mice, possibly by increasing the availability of iron stores. This is the first report of an association between progastrin overexpression, hypoxia, and iron homeostasis.

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Section: Discussion 238mentioning

confidence: 97%

Increased gastrin gene expression provides a physiological advantage to mice under hypoxic conditions

Laval

Baldwin

Shulkes

et al. 2015

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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show abstract

“…In a group of sedentary, overweight/obese individuals, females reported no difference in hunger ratings following exercise of moderate intensity (50-65 % VO 2max ) while males reported decreased hunger and less desire to eat [51]. Appetite is suppressed at higher altitudes [50] and during exercise in hot environments [47]. In contrast, although hunger was not assessed, research suggests exercise in colder temperatures may stimulate appetite based on increased energy intakes [52].…”

Section: Hunger and Appetitementioning

confidence: 90%

“…However, appetite suppression is not always evident, with differences likely the result of variations in study design, particularly regarding the intensity, duration and type of exercise [45,49]. Furthermore, the effect of exercise on appetite suppression may vary based on sex and environmental conditions [50,51]. In a group of sedentary, overweight/obese individuals, females reported no difference in hunger ratings following exercise of moderate intensity (50-65 % VO 2max ) while males reported decreased hunger and less desire to eat [51].…”

Section: Hunger and Appetitementioning

confidence: 97%

A Review of Factors Influencing Athletes’ Food Choices

2015

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Athletes make food choices on a daily basis that can affect both health and performance. A well planned nutrition strategy that includes the careful timing and selection of appropriate foods and fluids helps to maximize training adaptations and, thus, should be an integral part of the athlete's training programme. Factors that motivate food selection include taste, convenience, nutrition knowledge and beliefs. Food choice is also influenced by physiological, social, psychological and economic factors and varies both within and between individuals and populations. This review highlights the multidimensional nature of food choice and the depth of previous research investigating eating behaviours. Despite numerous studies with general populations, little exploration has been carried out with athletes, yet the energy demands of sport typically require individuals to make more frequent and/or appropriate food choices. While factors that are important to general populations also apply to athletes, it seems likely, given the competitive demands of sport, that performance would be an important factor influencing food choice. It is unclear if athletes place the same degree of importance on these factors or how food choice is influenced by involvement in sport. There is a clear need for further research exploring the food choice motives of athletes, preferably in conjunction with research investigating dietary intake to establish if intent translates into practice.

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“…A commonly reported finding at altitude is appetite loss, which perhaps is associated with changes in hormones affecting satiety, resulting in decreased food intake (53,54). Together with increased energy needs, this often results in a caloric imbalance and weight loss.…”

Section: Effect On Body Mass and Fluid Balancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity at Altitude: Challenges for People With Diabetes

Mol

Vries²,

Koning

et al. 2014

Diabetes Care

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A growing number of subjects with diabetes take part in physical activities at altitude such as skiing, climbing, and trekking. Exercise under conditions of hypobaric hypoxia poses some unique challenges on subjects with diabetes, and the presence of diabetes can complicate safe and successful participation in mountain activities. Among others, altitude can alter glucoregulation. Furthermore, cold temperatures and altitude can complicate accurate reading of glucose monitoring equipment and storage of insulin. These factors potentially lead to dangerous hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia. Over the last years, more information has become available on this subject. PURPOSETo provide an up-to-date overview of the pathophysiological changes during physical activity at altitude and the potential problems related to diabetes, including the use of (continuous) blood glucose monitors and insulin pumps. To propose practical recommendations for preparations and travel to altitude for subjects with diabetes. DATA SOURCES AND SYNTHESISWe researched PubMed, medical textbooks, and related Internet sites, and extracted human studies and data based on relevance for diabetes, exercise, and altitude. LIMITATIONSGiven the paucity of controlled trials regarding diabetes and altitude, we composed a narrative review and filled in areas lacking diabetes-specific studies with data obtained from nondiabetic subjects. CONCLUSIONSSubjects with diabetes can take part in activities at high, and even extreme, altitude. However, careful assessment of diabetes-related complications, optimal preparation, and adequate knowledge of glycemic regulation at altitude and altitude-related complications is needed.An increasing number of subjects with diabetes reside at high altitude for short periods of time, partly for work, but mainly for recreational purposes such as skiing, trekking, and climbing. Exercise under conditions of hypobaric hypoxia poses some unique challenges for subjects with diabetes and could potentially lead to dangerous situations such as unexpected hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, inaccurate

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Disturbed eating at high altitude: influence of food preferences, acute mountain sickness and satiation hormones

Cited by 49 publications

References 38 publications

Increased gastrin gene expression provides a physiological advantage to mice under hypoxic conditions

Increased gastrin gene expression provides a physiological advantage to mice under hypoxic conditions

A Review of Factors Influencing Athletes’ Food Choices

Physical Activity at Altitude: Challenges for People With Diabetes

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