Disturbed patterns of behaviour in morphine tolerant and abstinent rats

Kumar, Ramesh; Mitchell, Elizabeth A.; Stolerman, Ian P.

doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1971.tb07132.x

Cited by 112 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…If this contention is valid, morphine, an opiate agonist, might facilitate feeding and water drinking in non fasted and fasted rats. Recently, many reports revealed the increments of food and water intake by morphine in non-fasted rats (8)(9)(10)(11). Grandison and Guidotti also showed that intrahypothalamic administration of ,3 endorphin, an endogeneous opiate peptide, increased food and water intake in satiated rats (12).…”

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Opposite effects of morphine on feeding and drinking in rats relative to administration time.

1983

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Abstract-The present study was undertaken to examine how morphine changes food and water intake in non-fasted or fasted rats with different administration times. Morphine (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered at 10:45 (light period) or 18:45 (dark period). Morphine increased food and water intake in non-fasted rats 2 hr after the administration during the light period, whereas the total daily intakes were decreased. In contrast, morphine decreased food and water intake in non-fasted rats during the dark period and in fasted rats during both the light and dark period. These results suggest that morphine disorders the baseline levels of feeding and water drinking of naive rats.

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Opposite effects of morphine on feeding and drinking in rats relative to administration time.

1983

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“…Tolerance develops to the cataleptic actions of morphine following repeated daily injections of the drug and there is a concomitant enhancement of stimulant actions on motor activity (Kumar et al, 1971;Babbini & Davis, 1972). It seems possible that, as tolerance develops, there is a further disturbance of striatal compensatory mechanisms in the lesioned rats and, as a result, bias appears in the direction of locomotor behaviour.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although single doses of morphine result in apparently compensatory increases in the synthesis and turnover of dopamine in the striata of nontolerant rats (Clouet & Ratner, 1970;Sugrue, 1974), analogous responses to chronic morphine medication are not seen in the brains of tolerant rats Puri, Volicer & Lal, 1977). Tolerant rats, nevertheless, show marked behavioural changes for several hours after receiving their usual dose of morphine, such as increased locomotor activity and stereotyped responding (Fog, 1970;Ahyan & Randrup, 1972;Babbini & Davis, 1972), increased eating and drinking (Kumar, Mitchell & Stolerman, 1971) and reduced sexual activity (Mumford & Kumar, 1979). Aside from altered influences of other neurotransmitter systems, it has been suggested that there may be underlying and prolonged changes in the sensitivities of dopamine receptors themselves (Puri & Lal, 1973;Gianutsos, Hynes, Puri, Drawbaugh & Lal, 1974;Tarsy & Baldessarini, 1974).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphine Dependence and Dopaminergic Activity: Tests of Circling Responses in Rats With Unilateral Nigral Lesions

Halliwell

Kumar²

1980

British J Pharmacology

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I Rats with unilateral electrolytic lesions involving both parts of the substantia nigra show doserelated, ipsilateral circling responses to apomorphine which are stable over time. 2 In non-tolerant rats, morphine (up to 10 mg/kg) does not elicit any circling behaviour but as tolerance develops to morphine, initially 10 mg/kg daily and then 100 mg/kg daily for about 4 months, the rats show a progressive tendency to walk more towards the side of the lesion. This behaviour is qualitatively different from apomorphine-induced circling. 3 When apomorphine (0 to 1.0 mg/kg) and morphine (10 or 100 mg/kg) are tested together, the total amounts of 'circling' are increased in an additive manner. However, after 22 h withdrawal from morphine there is a more marked increase in apomorphine-induced circling which is related to the level of dependence. 4 It is suggested that the sensitivity of striatal dopamine receptors is not altered by morphine dependence and that the increased response to apomorphine in abstinence probably reflects changes in the modulating actions of other neurotransmitter systems in the striatum.

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“…Thereafter, the rats abruptly showed eating behavior. Kumar et al (23) reported that large doses of morphine can facilitate eating and drinking in tolerant rats. Effect of morphine injection on eating, drinking and spontaneous motor activity in morphine dependent rats produced by systemic injection (23-25) might differ from the effect in morphine dependent rats produced by a variety of techniques, including intravenous self-administration (8), the implan tation of morphine pellets and reservoir (26)(27)(28), continuous parenteral infusion (29) and oral self-administration (2-4, 30, 31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eating behavior reveals rats' preference for morphine.

1980

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Abstract-Using an automatic food intake measuring apparatus ("food intakometer"), we recorded the approach behavior to food, eating behavior and food intake of morphine dependent rats and examined the relationship among these factors and morphine dependence.Morphine dependent rats were produced by the drug-admixed food (DAF) method. In the choice trial of free feeding group, morphine dependent rats showed only the approach behavior both to drug-free diet and to morphine-admixed food, then ate the morphine-admixed food and approached the drug-free diet at the same period. Eating behavior in the case of morphine-admixed food was observed not only at night but also during the day time in the morphine dependent rats. In the choice trial of the limited feeding group, preference for morphine rapidly increased in every choice trial of each session and the preference rate became stable at about 60%. Eating patterns of these rats were similar to these in the free feeding group. When these rats were given morphine prior to the choice trial, eating behavior of those on the morphine-admixed food was inhibited dose-dependently, while eating behavior of these on the drug-free diet was enhanced dose-dependently.When these rats were allowed free access to drug-free diet for 1 hour previously to the choice trial, eating behavior of the rats on the morphine-admixed food in the choice trial was markedly enhanced. Thus, the rats clearly showed drug-seeking behavior and seemed to be able to distinguish between the need for morphine and satisfaction without it. Morphine dependent rats apparently can control their required maintenance dose.Over the years a several techniques have been developed to examine drug-seeking behavior. A Y-maze with two goal boxes contrasting in physical as well as spatial charac teristics was introduced by Beach (1), self-administration by oral route in rats (2-4), intraperitoneal route in rats (5), intragastric route both in rats (6) and monkeys (7), intra venous route both in rats (8) and monkeys (9) and intraventricular route in rats (10) are the most common means for inducing drug dependence and investigating drug-seeking behavior in laboratory animals. However, when drugs are insoluble in water, these self-adminis trations cannot be employed to examine drug-seeking behavior, except for oral self-adminis tration, namely, the drug-admixed food (DAF) method. Using this method, preference for morphine, codeine, phenobarbital, diazepam and cocaine has been demonstrated in rats (4,(11)(12)(13).Continuous recordings during the course of the experiment can be made of the behavior of drug self-administration. Hill and Stellar (14) and Kuribara et al. (15) developed an electric drinkometer for the purpose of continuously measuring water intake. Stolerman and Kumar (16) studied the preference for morphine by animals, using this electric drinko

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Disturbed patterns of behaviour in morphine tolerant and abstinent rats

Cited by 112 publications

References 26 publications

Opposite effects of morphine on feeding and drinking in rats relative to administration time.

Opposite effects of morphine on feeding and drinking in rats relative to administration time.

Morphine Dependence and Dopaminergic Activity: Tests of Circling Responses in Rats With Unilateral Nigral Lesions

Eating behavior reveals rats' preference for morphine.

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