Disturbed planum temporale asymmetry in schizophrenia. A quantitative post-mortem study

Falkai, Peter; Bogerts, Bernhard; Schneider, Thomas; Greve, B.; Pfeiffer, U.; Pilz, Kirsten; Gonsiorzcyk, Carmelita; Majtenyi, Catherine; Ováry, I

doi:10.1016/0920-9964(94)00035-7

Cited by 150 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…These MRI findings confirmed the postmortem study by Falkai et al (1995), which reported reduced cortical volume under the left planum temporale, as well as abnormal volume asymmetry, in schizophrenia patients compared with controls. Overall, 5 of the 8 MRI studies of the planum temporale in schizophrenia report abnormalities (see review in McCarley et al 1999).…”

Section: Schizotypal Personality Disorder Subjectssupporting

confidence: 89%

Cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia: unifying basic research and clinical aspects

McCarley

Niznikiewicz

Salisbury

et al. 1999

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences

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Seeking to unite psychological and biological approaches, this paper links cognitive and cellular hypotheses and data about thought and language abnormalities in schizophrenia. The common thread, it is proposed, is a dysregulated suppression of associations (at the behavioral and functional neural systems level), paralleled by abnormalities of inhibition at the cellular and molecular level, and by an abnormal anatomical substrate (reduced MRI gray matter volume) in areas subserving language.At the level of behavioral experiments and connectionist modeling, data suggest an abnormal semantic network connectivity (strength of associations) in schizophrenia, but not an abnormality of network size (number of associates). This connectivity abnormality is likely to be a preferential processing of the dominant (strongest) association, with the neglect of preceding contextual information.At the level of functional neural systems, the N400 event-related potential amplitude is used to index the extent of "search" for a semantic match to a word. In a short stimulus-onset-asynchrony condition, both schizophrenic and schizotypal personality disorder subjects showed, compared with controls, a reduced N400 amplitude to the target words that were related to cues, e.g. cat-dog, a result compatible with behavioral data. Other N400 data strongly and directly suggest that schizophrenics do not efficiently utilize context. At the level of anatomical system substrates, considerable MRI data indicate abnormalities in the temporal lobe structures that subserve language and verbal associations. Gray matter volume is reduced in the posterior portion of the dominant superior temporal gyrus in both chronic and first episode schizophrenics (but not in manic-depressive psychosis), with the magnitude of reduction correlating with the degree of thought disorder.At the level of in vitro cellular and molecular analysis, NMDA receptors on inhibitory neurons are much more sensitive to blockade than are excitatory projections. A resulting failure of recurrent inhibition may account for the psychotomimetic effects of such NMDA receptor blockers as ketamine and phencyclidine, and may also be present in schizophrenia, where an endogenous NMDA receptor blocker, NAAG, is increased, and where other abnormalities of recurrent inhibition may be present. A biophysical simulation of this circuit abnormality in a model of learned pattern recognition produced, because of the reduction in recurrent inhibition, aberrant spread of excitation, resulting in confusion of normally distinguishable patterns. We suggest the neural circuit failure of inhibition and consequent aberrant spread of activation may be the substrate for an inability to use context, with the behavioral and functional consequences just described. Furthermore, there is the possibility that the unbalanced excitation might lead to progressive, neurodegenerative changes in gray matter, marked by progressive volume reduction.

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Section: Schizotypal Personality Disorder Subjectssupporting

confidence: 89%

Cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia: unifying basic research and clinical aspects

McCarley

Niznikiewicz

Salisbury

et al. 1999

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences

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“…[1][2][3] DeLisi et al 10 measured length of the sylvian fissure and reported asymmetry differences in patients with first-episode schizophrenia compared with controls. Reduced cortical PT volume was reported in a postmortem study in schizophrenia compared with controls, 18 and we reported reduced left PT gray matter volume and a reversal of PT asymmetry in patients diagnosed as having chronic schizophrenia. 6 Other investigators 7,8 measuring PT area in schizophrenia also reported a reversal of the left larger than right PT asymmetry found in controls.…”

supporting

confidence: 67%

Planum Temporale and Heschl Gyrus Volume Reduction in Schizophrenia: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of First-Episode Patients

Hirayasu

McCarley

Salisbury

et al. 2000

Archives of General Psychiatry

247

168

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Background-Magnetic resonance imaging studies in schizophrenia have revealed abnormalities in temporal lobe structures, including the superior temporal gyrus. More specifically, abnormalities have been reported in the posterior superior temporal gyrus, which includes the Heschl gyrus and planum temporale, the latter being an important substrate for language. However, the specificity of the Heschl gyrus and planum temporale structural abnormalities to schizophrenia vs affective psychosis, and the possible confounding roles of chronic morbidity and neuroleptic treatment, remain unclear.

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“…The in vivo evidence includes reduced volume of Heschl's gyrus that contains BA 41, although the volume reduction in Heschl's gyrus may be smaller than that in the adjacent auditory association cortex containing BA 42 (Barta et al, 1997;Kwon et al, 1999;Hirayasu et al, 2000). Similarly, there is evidence in postmortem studies of reduced gray matter volume of STG in subjects with schizophrenia (Falkai et al, 1995;Vogeley et al, 1998;Highley et al, 1999); however, none of these studies examined gray matter volumes of specific cytoarchitectonic or chemoarchitectonic regions within STG. In contrast, we recently reported that total volume of the auditory parabelt (analogous in location to the region of BA 42 examined in the present study), and of layer 3 within the parabelt, was reduced in subjects with schizophrenia .…”

Section: Interpretive Issuesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Reduced Dendritic Spine Density in Auditory Cortex of Subjects with Schizophrenia

Sweet

Henteleff

Zhang

et al. 2008

Neuropsychopharmacol

259

221

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We have previously identified reductions in mean pyramidal cell somal volume in deep layer 3 of BA 41 and 42 and reduced axon terminal density in deep layer 3 of BA 41. In other brain regions demonstrating similar deficits, reduced dendritic spine density has also been identified, leading us to hypothesize that dendritic spine density would also be reduced in BA 41 and 42. Because dendritic spines and their excitatory inputs are regulated in tandem, we further hypothesized that spine density would be correlated with axon terminal density. We used stereologic methods to quantify a marker of dendritic spines, spinophilin-immunoreactive (SP-IR) puncta, in deep layer 3 of BA 41 and 42 of 15 subjects with schizophrenia, each matched to a normal comparison subject. The effect of long-term haloperidol exposure on SP-IR puncta density was evaluated in nonhuman primates. SP-IR puncta density was significantly lower by 27.2% in deep layer 3 of BA 41 in the schizophrenia subjects, and by 22.2% in deep layer 3 of BA 42. In both BA 41 and 42, SP-IR puncta density was correlated with a marker of axon terminal density, but not with pyramidal cell somal volume. SP-IR puncta density did not differ between haloperidol-exposed and control monkeys. Lower SP-IR puncta density in deep layer 3 of BA 41 and 42 of subjects with schizophrenia may reflect concurrent reductions in excitatory afferent input. This may contribute to impairments in auditory sensory processing that are present in subjects with schizophrenia.

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Disturbed planum temporale asymmetry in schizophrenia. A quantitative post-mortem study

Cited by 150 publications

References 31 publications

Cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia: unifying basic research and clinical aspects

Cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia: unifying basic research and clinical aspects

Planum Temporale and Heschl Gyrus Volume Reduction in Schizophrenia: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of First-Episode Patients

Reduced Dendritic Spine Density in Auditory Cortex of Subjects with Schizophrenia

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