Distyly in Polygonum jucundum Meisn. (Polygonaceae)

Minglin, Chen; Zhang, Xiaoping

doi:10.1007/s00606-010-0318-x

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Higher pollen production rates are generally associated with smaller pollen sizes (e.g. Dulberger, 1992;Chen & Zang, 2010), a relationship that can be attributed to a trade-off between number and size (Vonhof & Harder, 1995;Cruden, 2000). Other ancillary characters, such as the sculpture of pollen exine and stigma, could be involved in the physiology of the incompatibility mechanism of heterostylous species (Dulberger, 1975(Dulberger, , 1992.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling the stylar polymorphism inMelochia(Malvaceae): reciprocity and ancillary characters

2014

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Heterostyly is a genetic polymorphism in which plant populations possess two (distyly) or three (tristyly) morphs with flowers differing reciprocally in stigma and anther height. Sex organ deployment has been described as being highly variable among and within species of several distylous taxa belonging to different taxonomic groups. However, the number of studies considering within‐species disparities is still limited. For a better overview of the existing amount of variation that can occur within and between heterostylous species, we sampled 46 populations of six Melochia spp., a style‐polymorphic genus in Cuba. We characterized the floral morphology in all populations and described a set of ancillary characters per species. All of these Melochia spp. are distylous, except for the monomorphic M. nodiflora. The S‐morph produces fewer, larger pollen than L‐morphs, and has verrucose ornamentation. The L‐morph produces reticulate pollen and has larger stigmatic papillae than the S‐morph. The monomorphic M. nodiflora shows ancillary characteristics that are similar to the L‐morph individuals in the related species. As expected, there are differences in ancillary characters among species and also dissimilarities in reciprocity among and within species of Melochia. Our results highlight the importance of considering intraspecific variation in the morphometric characterization of heterostylous taxa. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 176, 147–158.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling the stylar polymorphism inMelochia(Malvaceae): reciprocity and ancillary characters

2014

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“…Heterostyly was recorded in this genus over 100 years ago [1]. There are over 300 species within the Polygonum genus, and scholars have studied its floral dimorph since 1977 [27], [29], [30]. However, no information on the floral development and evolution of these distylous species has been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral Development at Multiple Spatial Scales in Polygonum jucundum (Polygonaceae), a Distylous Species with Broadly Open Flowers

Huang

Wang

2014

PLoS ONE

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Distyly, a special polymorph, has evolved in many groups of angiosperms and has attracted attention since Darwin’s time. Development studies on distylous taxa have helped us to understand the evolutionary process of this polymorph, but most of these studies focus on species with narrowly tubular corolla. Here, we studied the floral development of Polygonum jucundum, a distylous species with broadly open flowers, at multiple spatial scales. Results showed that the difference in stigma height between flowers of the two morphs was caused by differences in style growth throughout the entire floral development process. The observed difference in anther heights between the two morphs was because the filaments grew faster in short-styled (SS) than in long-styled (LS) flowers in the later stages of floral development. In addition, the longer styles in LS flowers than in SS flowers was because of faster cell division in the early stages of floral development. However, SS flowers had longer filaments than LS flowers primarily because of greater cell elongation. These results indicate that floral development in P. jucundum differs from that of distylous taxa with floral tubes shown in previous studies. Further, we conclude that the presence of distyly in species with open flowers is a result of convergent evolution.

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“…1; Lloyd & Webb 1992). However, many heterostylous and style-dimorphic species are not specialized to receive long-tongued pollinators and, instead, host a varied array of floral visitors including, commonly, flies and bees either in sympatry (Domínguez et al 1997;Chen & Zhang 2010;Ferrero et al 2011) or allopatry (Arroyo & Dafni 1995). Short-tongued insects feeding on the pollen of stamens in the upper part of the floral tube might be barely capable of reaching low-level sexual organs (Beach & Bawa 1980;Baker, Thompson & Barrett 2000b;Dos Santos 2002), a fact that should alter legitimate pollen transfer patterns in populations ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐tongued insects promote disassortative pollen transfer in style‐dimorphic Narcissus papyraceus (Amaryllidaceae)

Simón‐Porcar

Santos‐Gally

2013

Journal of Ecology

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Summary1. In hermaphroditic flowers, reciprocal herkogamy, for example heterostyly, enhances pollen transfer between floral morphs (disassortative pollination) while avoiding self-interference between sexual organs. By contrast, disassortative pollination might be compromised in style-dimorphic flowers, which lack perfect reciprocity between the two floral morphs. This suboptimal functioning has been considered to explain why stylar dimorphism is rare in nature.2. Some style-polymorphic species receive a wide array of floral visitors, including long-tongued insects that feed on nectar and short-tongued insects that feed on pollen. Differences in the morphology and behaviour of these two insect types could be manifested as different pollination patterns in each floral morph.3. By observing individual pollinators and pollen deposition and delivery in small field-based experimental arrays with emasculated and intact flowers, we studied pollination patterns mediated by different insect types (long-and short-tongued) in the two floral morphs (long-and short-styled) of the style-dimorphic Narcissus papyraceus. We investigated the patterns of pollen transfer between and within style morphs in cross-pollinations, as well as self-pollination and pollen removal rates, for each floral morph mediated by each insect type.4. Long-tongued insects were efficient pollinators of both floral morphs as they removed little pollen from the anthers but deposited comparatively large amounts on the stigmas. Although disassortative pollen transfer and assortative pollen transfer were equally high to the long-styled morph, the former prevailed in the short-styled morph. Short-tongued insects removed large amounts of pollen from the anthers but deposited only a few pollen grains on the long-styled stigmas and a negligible number of grains on short-styled stigmas regardless of the morph of the donor. 5.Synthesis. In this study, we provide empirical support for the hypothesis that, under the action of long-tongued pollinators, pollen transfer patterns in the stylar-dimorphic Narcissus papyraceus resemble in part those of heterostylous species. In addition, we found that short-tongued insects act mostly as pollen thieves, thereby limiting the male fitness of both style morphs, besides depleting the female fitness of S-morph plants. In view of these results, we propose that the differing pollination efficiencies of floral visitors, in addition to their frequency, are key in determining the morph ratio of populations in this Narcissus.

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Distyly in Polygonum jucundum Meisn. (Polygonaceae)

Cited by 19 publications

References 43 publications

Unravelling the stylar polymorphism inMelochia(Malvaceae): reciprocity and ancillary characters

Unravelling the stylar polymorphism inMelochia(Malvaceae): reciprocity and ancillary characters

Floral Development at Multiple Spatial Scales in Polygonum jucundum (Polygonaceae), a Distylous Species with Broadly Open Flowers

Long‐tongued insects promote disassortative pollen transfer in style‐dimorphic Narcissus papyraceus (Amaryllidaceae)

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