Disuse in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat

Burke, William J.; Hayhow, W.R.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1968.sp008420

Cited by 43 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Dark rearing does not affect the spontaneous activity of visual centers (Kuffler, Fitzhugh and Barlow, 1957;Rodieck an Smith, 1966;Burke and Hayhow, 1968), and causes similar changes in the lateral geniculate, viz decrease in synaptic density and increase in the size of synaptic contacts (Cragg, 1969) as described above for the visual cortex. Monocular deprivation of pattern vision caused similar morphological changes even though scattered light reaches the retina.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

The effect of monocular deprivation on the synaptic contacts of the visual cortex

Fifková

1969

J. Neurobiol.

120

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SUMMARYThe effect of visual deprivation on synaptic contacts in the visual cortex was studied with the electron microscope. The deprivation was achieved by unilateral lid suture in 14-day old white rats before eye opening after which the animals were kept for 8 weeks. The density and the size of synaptic contacts in the upper part of the visual cortex (from the surface of layer I1 up to V) were estimated. The mean density of synapses of the visual cortex supplied by the deprived eye was 20% less than on the control side, the upper levels of the cortex being more affected. The mean size of synaptic contacts was larger (+7.5%) in the upper levels of the deprived cortex. No right left difference in density and size were found in control animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

The effect of monocular deprivation on the synaptic contacts of the visual cortex

Fifková

1969

J. Neurobiol.

120

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“…Unfortunately, there are only a few direct measurements of overall activity changes due to lid suture or dark conditions (Rodieck, 1967;Burke and Hayhow, 1968), and essentially nothing is known about ongoing activity levels under such conWhile the effects of denervating muscles can be largely reversed by direct electrical stimulation, certain properties, such as acetylcholinesterase enzyme levels, do not return to normal (Lomo and Rosenthal, 1972). For this reason, presynaptic activity is thought to be important, independent of its role in evoking action potentials in the postsynaptic target.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Afferent influences on brain stem auditory nuclei of the chicken: presynaptic action potentials regulate protein synthesis in nucleus magnocellularis neurons

1988

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_Studies of the avian auditory sytem indicate that neurons in nucleus magnocellularis (NM) and nucleus laminaris of young animals are dramatically altered by changes in the auditory receptor. We examined the role of presynaptic activity on these transneuronal regulatory events. TTX was used to block action potentials in the auditory nerve. TTX injections into the perilymph reliably blocked all neuronal activity in the cochlear nerve and NM. Far-field recordings of sound-evoked potentials revealed that responses returned within 6-12 hr after a single TTX injection. Changes in protein synthesis by NM neurons were measured by determining the incorporation of 3H-leucine using autoradiography.NM neurons on the side of the brain ipsilateral to the TTX injection were compared to normally active cells on the other side of the same tissue section.Grain counts over individual neurons revealed that a single injection of TTX produced a 40% decrease in grain density in ipsilateral NM neurons within 1.5 hr after the TTX injection. However, by 24 hr after a single TTX injection, grain densities were not different on the 2 sides of the brain. Continuous activity blockade for 6 hr caused the cessation of amino acid incorporation in a portion of NM neurons and a 15-20% decrease in the remaining neurons. These changes in amino acid incorporation are comparable to those following complete removal of the cochlea (Steward and Rubel, 1965). We also examined NM for neuron loss and soma shrinkage after blocking eighth nerve action potentials.TTX injected every 12 hr for 46 hr caused a 20% neuron loss and an 6% shrinkage of the remaining neurons. Similar reductions were found following cochlea removal (Born and Rubel, 1965). It is concluded that neuronal activity plays a major role in the maintenance of normal NM neurons. Furthermore, these results

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“…Here the evidence is especially compelling since one can compare adjacent deprived and non-deprived layers. Burke & Hayhow (1968) have kept adult cats in darkness for over 2 years without finding any morphological changes in the lateral geniculate.…”

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confidence: 99%

The period of susceptibility to the physiological effects of unilateral eye closure in kittens

Hubel¹,

Wiesel²

1970

The Journal of Physiology

2,614

1,183

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SUMMARY1. Kittens were visually deprived by suturing the lids of the right eye for various periods of time at different ages. Recordings were subsequently made from the striate cortex, and responses from the two eyes compared. As previously reported, monocular eye closure during the first few months of life causes a sharp decline in the number of cells that can be influenced by the previously closed eye.2. Susceptibility to the effects of eye closure begins suddenly near the start of the fourth week, remains high until some time between the sixth and eighth weeks, and then declines, disappearing finally around the end of the third month. Monocular closure for over a year in an adult cat produces no detectable effects.3. During the period of high susceptibility in the fourth and fifth weeks eye closure for as little as 3-4 days leads to a sharp decline in the number of cells that can be driven from both eyes, as well as an over-all decline in the relative influence of the previously closed eye. A 6-day closure is enough to give a reduction in the number of oells that can be driven by the closed eye to a fraction of the normal. The physiological picture is similar to that following a 3-month monocular deprivation from birth, in which the proportion of cells the eye can influence drops from 85 to about 7 %.

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Disuse in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat

Cited by 43 publications

References 44 publications

The effect of monocular deprivation on the synaptic contacts of the visual cortex

The effect of monocular deprivation on the synaptic contacts of the visual cortex

Afferent influences on brain stem auditory nuclei of the chicken: presynaptic action potentials regulate protein synthesis in nucleus magnocellularis neurons

The period of susceptibility to the physiological effects of unilateral eye closure in kittens

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