Dithizone-functionalized C18 online solid-phase extraction-HPLC-ICP-MS for speciation of ultra-trace organic and inorganic mercury in cereals and environmental samples

Atomic spectrometry update – a review of advances in environmental analysis

“…The recovery of low-molecular-weight Gd species from the samples (92 ± 5%) was a slight improvement over the 87 ± 4% achievable using standard cation-exchange SPE preconcentration cartridges. The mercury species Hg 2+ , MeHg + and EtHg + were selectively extracted 66 offline from sea, lake and river waters onto a C 18 column functionalised with 12.5 μg of dithizone. Once extracted, the immobilised species were stable for up to 10 days.…”

The present and potential future of aqueous mercury preservation: a review

“…A common approach to Hg-selectivity in sorbents is to exploit the affinity for Hg of thiol-containing compounds; diphenylthiocarbazone (dithizone), 42,52,53 2-mercaptoethanol, 54 diethyldithiocarbamate, 33 and other compounds have been used to either functionalise resins or for complexation with aqueous Hg. These reagents provided recoveries of inorganic, methyl-, ethyl- and phenyl-species of Hg of over 70%, with preconcentration factors suitable for aqueous Hg concentrations of between 0.1–50 μg L −1.…”

“…Chelating resins are the more prominent choice for Hg sorption in the literature, as the affinity for sulphur allows for selective extraction of Hg. 33,42,53,54 Some chelating resins, however, require synthesis or processing to create columns and cartridges for field use. 33,42 Commercially available resins are available but have shown difficulty in eluting retained Hg species, requiring digestion processes to liberate the adsorbed Hg 56,58 which may affect speciation data through oxidation of the retained species.…”

“…This work supported by Wang et al (2022), using a 1% (v/v) 2-mercaptoethanol eluent for elution of Hg species. 53 This eluent is still compatible with a wide range of analytical techniques with some careful adjustments, such as use of organic introduction systems for ICP-MS analysis for routine use.…”

Waste PET-MOF-Cleanwater: Waste PET-Derived Metal-Organic Framework (MOFs) as Cost-Effective Adsorbents for Removal of Hazardous Elements from Polluted Water

“…Traditional SPE can be performed as an offline or online preconcentration procedure. Both these modes enhance the detection sensitivity of the analytical instrument [68]. In a study reported by Amini and co-workers [69], an online micro solid-phase extraction (online-µSPE) used electrospun polyacrylonitrile/ Zn-metal organic framework 74 @graphene oxide (PAN/Zn-MOF-74@GO) nanocomposite as an adsorbent [69].…”