Diuretic and Antiurolithic Effect of Garcinia humilis (Vahl) C.D. Adams Leaves, a Medicinal Plant Native to South American Countries

Abstract

This study evaluated the diuretic and antiurolithic effect of methanolic extract (MEGHL), dichloromethane (DCM), and ethyl acetate (EtA) fractions obtained from the leaves of Garcinia humilis, a medicinal plant known as achachairu and native to South American countries such as Bolivia, Peru, and Brazil. For the analysis of diuretic effect, the female rats received the treatment with MEGHL (3, 10, and 30 mg/kg), DCM (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg), EtA (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg), hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ; 10 mg/kg), or vehicle (VEH) after an overload of saline solution. At the end 8 h of the experiment, the urinary parameters were measured. Additionally, the antiurolithic effect was analyzed, in which sodium oxalate was added in synthetic urine in the presence or absence of MEGHL, DCM, and EtA in different concentrations (0.1, 0.3, and 1 mg/mL). MEGHL, DCM, and EtA were able to promote 8-h diuresis in rats. MEGHL treatment at dose 30 mg/kg was accompanied by increased urinary Na + , K + and Cl À excretion. Moreover, the DCM and EtA fractions treatment increased K + and Cl À excretion in the urine, although it does not cause any change in Na + elimination. All the preparations were able to exert an antiurolithic effect in vitro, decreasing the number of calcium oxalate crystals of the monohydrate and dihydrate types. Taking together, the results presented herein showed that the preparations of G. humilis leaves are promising strategies to induce diuresis and antiurolithic effects.

Vasodilation and Blood Pressure-Lowering Effect of 3-Demethyl-2-Geranyl-4-Prenylbellidifoline, a Xanthone Obtained from Garcinia achachairu, in Hypertensive Rats

“…Also referred to as “achachairu”, this evergreen tree belongs to the Clusiaceae family and has been traditionally utilized by indigenous communities for its medicinal benefits. Preparations obtained from different parts of this plant have already been the subject of studies revealing antimicrobial [ 15 ], gastroprotective [ 16 ], anti-inflammatory [ 17 ], and diuretic [ 18 ] properties. In the present study, we extended these actions to understand the benefits of this plant in mechanisms that contribute to the control of blood pressure, since the demonstration of diuretic activity has already opened this promising perspective.…”

Dose‐Dependent Dual Effect ofMorus nigraL. Extract on Urinary Parameters of Hypertensive Rats

“…Besides, recent studies have demonstrated the antiur- olithic effect on plant species or isolated compounds using CaOx model. [3,25,26] The next step of this study was to evaluate the possible effect of HEMN on the formation of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals in vitro (Figure 2). The results showed that potassium citrate (KC; 10 mg/mL), the positive control group, decreased the total number of CaOx crystals when compared to VEH sample (Figure 2A).…”

“…Nirumand et al., (2018) [4] described several studies on using medicinal plants to prevent kidney stones. Besides, recent studies have demonstrated the antiurolithic effect on plant species or isolated compounds using CaOx model [3,25,26] …”