Diuretics in Different Samples: Update on the Pretreatment and Analysis Techniques

Liu, Yajie; Yu, B. X.; Zhang, Yuan; Zhang, Yixin; Ren, Ao; Lin, Sheng; Feng, Xuesong

doi:10.1080/10408347.2023.2202260

Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry

2023

DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2202260

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Diuretics in Different Samples: Update on the Pretreatment and Analysis Techniques

Yajie Liu

B. X. Yu

Yuan Zhang

et al.

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2025

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Monitoring Dietary Supplements for Undeclared Diuretics as a Strategy for Preventing Unintentional Doping

Kozhuharov,

Ivanov,

Ivanova

2025

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Diuretics are essential medicines used in the management of hypertension, heart failure, edema, and other medical conditions. Due to their effectiveness in promoting water loss, many cases of undeclared diuretics in dietary supplements (DSs) have been reported. Most of these DSs were marketed for “weight loss promotion” and “detoxification”. Diuretics are regarded as doping compounds as well because of their significant potential to cause weight loss or mask the usage of other doping compounds. The intake of DSs that contain undeclared diuretics can result in serious consequences, including side effects, drug–drug interactions, and the violation of anti-doping rules if such products are taken by professional athletes. The aim of the present study was to develop a rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for monitoring DSs for undeclared diuretics. The validated method allows for simultaneous monitoring for furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, and torasemide. The LOD and LOQ were 0.78 μg/mL and 2.38 μg/mL for hydrochlorothiazide, 0.99 μg/mL and 3.01 μg/mL for torasemide, and 0.69 μg/mL and 2.08 μg/mL for furosemide. The method was successfully utilized to screen ten DSs for undeclared diuretics. Contamination was detected in only one sample. These results underscore the critical need for regulatory oversight and independent quality control of DSs. Implementing routine screening could significantly reduce the risk of adverse health effects and unintentional doping among athletes. Ultimately, this study contributes to enhancing consumer safety and ensuring fair competition in sports.

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Monitoring Dietary Supplements for Undeclared Diuretics as a Strategy for Preventing Unintentional Doping

Kozhuharov,

Ivanov,

Ivanova

2025

Processes

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show abstract

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Diuretics in Different Samples: Update on the Pretreatment and Analysis Techniques

Cited by 1 publication

References 159 publications

Monitoring Dietary Supplements for Undeclared Diuretics as a Strategy for Preventing Unintentional Doping

Monitoring Dietary Supplements for Undeclared Diuretics as a Strategy for Preventing Unintentional Doping

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