Diurnal cortisol and decision making under risk in problem gambling.

Buchanan, Tony W.; McMullin, Sara D; Mulhauser, Kyler; Weinstock, Jeremiah; Weller, Joshua A.

doi:10.1037/adb0000474

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…and self (neglect of health and personal care) are characteristic of disruptive, impulse control, and conduct disorders (74)(75)(76)(77)(78) and compulsive sexual behavior disorder (79). At the group level, Tph2 −/− hierarchical ranks appeared less stable and did not reflect in the structure of aggression networks (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constitutive depletion of brain serotonin differentially affects rats’ social and cognitive abilities

Alonso

Peeva

Stasko

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Central serotonin is an essential neuromodulator for mental disorders. It appears a promising transdiagnostic marker of distinct psychiatric disorders and a common modulator of some of their key behavioral symptoms. We aimed to identify the behavioral markers of serotonergic function in rats and compare them to human deficits. Methods: We applied a comprehensive profiling approach in adult male Tph2-/- rats constitutively lacking central serotonin. Under classical and ethological testing conditions, we tested each individual's cognitive, social and non-social abilities and characterized the group organization (i.e. social network, hierarchy). Using unsupervised machine learning, we identified the functions most dependent on central serotonin. Results: In classical procedures, Tph2-/- rats presented an unexpected normal cognitive profile. Under the complex and experimenter-free conditions of their home-cage, the same Tph2-/- rats presented drastic changes in their daily life. Brain serotonin depletion induced compulsive aggression and sexual behavior, hyperactive and hypervigilant stereotyped behavior, reduced self-care and body weight, and exacerbated corticosterone levels. Group-housed Tph2-/- rats showed strong social disorganization with disrupted social networks and hierarchical structure, which may arise from communication deficits and cognitive blunting. Conclusions: Serotonin depletion induced a profile reminiscent of the symptomatology of impulse control and anxiety disorders. Serotonin was necessary for behavioral adaptation to dynamic social environments. In classical testing conditions, our animal model challenged the concept of an essential role of serotonin in decision-making, flexibility, and impulsivity, although developmental compensations may have occurred. These contrasting findings highlight the need to generalize the evaluation of animal models' multidimensional functions within the complexity of the social living environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constitutive depletion of brain serotonin differentially affects rats’ social and cognitive abilities

Alonso

Peeva

Stasko

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Specifically, in the healthy population, secretion of cortisol usually peaks within an hour of awakening, and then reduces from morning to the evening (diurnal fall). However, in a recent study, Buchanan et al [80] argued that relative to a control group, a group of non-treated problem gamblers would demonstrate a blunted cortisol awakening response and a flatter diurnal fall. Accordingly, to test their hypothesis, Buchanan and colleagues experimentally examined how the different diurnal cortisol profile of non-treated problem gamblers and a healthy control group influenced their risky preferences in gamble-type tasks (the Cups Task and Columbia Card Task).…”

Section: The Role Of Hormonal Activationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Problem Gambling ‘Fuelled on the Fly’

Teal

Kusev

Heilman

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Problem gambling is a gambling disorder often described as continued gambling in the face of increasing losses. In this article, we explored problem gambling behaviour and its psychological determinants. We considered the assumption of stability in risky preferences, anticipated by both normative and descriptive theories of decision making, as well as recent evidence that risk preferences are in fact ‘constructed on the fly’ during risk elicitation. Accordingly, we argue that problem gambling is a multifaceted disorder, which is ‘fueled on the fly’ by a wide range of contextual and non-contextual influences, including individual differences in personality traits, hormonal and emotional activations. We have proposed that the experience of gambling behaviour in itself is a dynamic experience of events in time series, where gamblers anchor on the most recent event—typically a small loss or rare win. This is a highly adaptive, but erroneous, decision-making mechanism, where anchoring on the most recent event alters the psychological representations of substantial and accumulated loss in the past to a representation of negligible loss. In other words, people feel better while they gamble. We conclude that problem gambling researchers and policy makers will need to employ multifaceted and holistic approaches to understand problem gambling.

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“…Stress is thought to play a role in the development, maintenance, and relapse of addiction by increasing craving and motivation toward addictive behavior (Amlung and MacKillop, 2014; Clay et al, 2018). The relation between stress and addiction may be bidirectional, such that addictive behaviors may serve as a means to escape stress and blunted stress physiology, in turn, may confer increased risk for engaging in addictive behaviors (Buchanan et al, 2020a, 2020b; Carroll et al, 2017; Lovallo, 2013). A blunted stress response may drive an individual to seek out stimulation using drugs of abuse, and the subsequent activation of stress physiology via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis may contribute to the development of both tolerance to and withdrawal from the abused drugs (Wemm & Sinha, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cumulative lifetime stress exposure predicts greater impulsivity and addictive behaviors

et al. 2020

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The study investigated whether lifetime stress exposure is associated with greater impulsivity and addictive behavior. We also examined whether stress and impulsivity interactively predicted food addiction and alcohol-related behavior. Greater lifetime stress exposure was related to more impulsivity and food addictive behaviors, but not alcohol-related consequences. There were no interactions between lifetime stress exposure and impulsivity in predicting addictive behaviors. Exploratory analyses revealed that early and adulthood stress exposure predicted food addiction, whereas only adulthood stress predicted alcohol-related consequences. Therefore, lifetime stress exposure is related to impulsivity and addiction, but these effects differ by addiction outcome and specific timing of stress exposure.

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Diurnal cortisol and decision making under risk in problem gambling.

Cited by 14 publications

References 59 publications

Constitutive depletion of brain serotonin differentially affects rats’ social and cognitive abilities

Constitutive depletion of brain serotonin differentially affects rats’ social and cognitive abilities

Problem Gambling ‘Fuelled on the Fly’

Cumulative lifetime stress exposure predicts greater impulsivity and addictive behaviors

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