Diurnal differences in amphetamine sensitization

Gaytan, Osvaldo; Lewis, Christopher Alan; Swann, Alan C.; Dafny, Nachum

doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00243-5

Cited by 47 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A similar time-dependent profile was reported in methylphenidate-sensitized animals (Gaytan et al, 1999(Gaytan et al, , 2000. The lack or dysfunction of the mPer1 gene abolishes cocaine sensitization and reward whereas the dysfunction of the mPer2 gene induces a hypersensitized response to cocaine (Abarca et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

The role of mPer1 in morphine dependence in mice

et al. 2005

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Investigations using Drosophila melanogaster have shown that the circadian clock gene period can influence behavioral responses to cocaine, and the mouse homologues, mPer1 and mPer2, modulate cocaine sensitization and reward. In the present study, we applied DNAzyme targeting mPer1 to interfere the expression of mPer1 in CNS in mice and studied the role of mPer1 on morphine dependence. We found that the DNAzyme could attenuate the expression of mPer1 in CNS in mice. Mice treated with DNAzyme and morphine synchronously did not show preference to the morphinetrained side, whereas the control group did. In contrast, mice treated with DNAzyme after morphine showed preference to the morphine-trained side as well as the control group did. These results indicate that drug dependence seems to be influenced at least partially by mPer1, but mPer1 cannot affect morphine dependence that has been formed. Keywords drug dependence; DNAzyme; learning and memory; circadian; i.c.v.Circadian clocks are molecular time-keeping mechanisms that reside in a diverse range of cell types in a variety of organisms. The primary role of these cell-autonomous clocks is to maintain their own approximately 24 h molecular rhythm and to drive the rhythmic expression of genes involved in physiology, metabolism and behavior. Components of the endogenous master clock were first identified in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. The Period (Per) encodes one of the essential elements involved in the transcription/translation-based auto-regular loop of the endogenous master clock (Reppert and Weaver, 2001). Three homologues of Drosophila Per genes were subsequently identified in mice (mPer1, mPer2, and mPer3) (Albrecht, 2002), leading to great progress in elucidation of the molecular mechanism underlying circadian rhythm in the CNS.It has been shown that repeated administration of methamphetamine caused behavioral sensitization as well as sensitized expression of mPer1 (Nikaido et al., 2001). Some studies implicate a role for Per genes in drug-induced behavioral sensitization processes. This suggestion is supported by investigations using Drosophila flies. Flies mutant in the Per gene did not sensitize after repeated exposure to volatilized free-base cocaine (Andretic et al., 1999;Hirsh, 2001). In mice, the mPer1 and mPer2 genes influence cocaine-induced sensitization and reward in an opposite manner. The lack or dysfunction of the mPer1 gene *Corresponding author. Tel: +86-28-8550-2051; fax: +86-28-8550-3204. E-mail address: wangzhengrong@126.com (Z. Wang). abolishes cocaine sensitization and reward whereas the dysfunction of the mPer2 gene induces a hypersensitized response to cocaine (Abarca et al., 2002). NIH Public AccessDNAzyme is a suitable tool for studying gene function. The typical DNAzyme, known as the "10-23" model, is capable of cleaving single-stranded RNA at specific sites. The "10-23" model of DNAzymes has a catalytic domain of 15 highly conserved deoxyribonucleotides, flanked by two substrate-recognition domains, which can cl...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

The role of mPer1 in morphine dependence in mice

et al. 2005

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“…It is well established that acute response to psychomotor stimulants such as cocaine and amphetamine involves an increase in locomotion (Browne & Segal, 1977;Gaytan et al, 1998aGaytan et al, , 1998bGaytan et al, , 1999Kankaanpaa et al, 2000;McNamara et al, 1993). Thus it would be expected that MPD, a stimulant sharing pharmacologic and structural properties with cocaine (Cone 1995;Hoffman & Lefkowitz, 1996;Teo et al, 2003;Volkow et al, 2001) and…”

Section: Response To a Single Dose (Acute Effects)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylphenidate (Ritalin): Behavioral Studies in the Rat

Askenasy

Taber

Peng

et al. 2007

International Journal of Neuroscience

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome with an onset in childhood characterized by an inability to remain focused or to concentrate for prolonged periods of time. Children suffering from this disease are many times described as either inattentive or as hyperactive-impulsive depending on what form of the disease they manifest. Methylphenidate is the preferred treatment for this behavioral disorder and is used for long term disease management. Much still remains unknown concerning this stimulant and its effects on behavior and future abuse potential are pertinent questions. Since animal models are used to study the mechanism of drug action and rats are used often in drug studies, the objective of this review is to summarize the research reports that mainly have used rats as the model to investigate the action of methylphenidate. Topics discussed in this review include: (1) What effect does a single dose of methylphenidate have on locomotion activity; (2) Does repeated administration of methylphenidate result in tolerance or sensitization; and (3) Does methylphenidate have rewarding properties as measured by the self-administration and condition placed preference paradigms.

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“…Psychostimulants, such as cocaine and amphetamine, show circadian rhythmicity in their behavioral effects in rodents (Gaytan et al, 1999(Gaytan et al, , 2000Uz et al, 2002a), moreover chronic cocaine users show seasonal rhythmicity in their cravings and in drug abuse (Satel and Gawin, 1989;Sandyk and Kanofsky, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pineal Gland is Critical for Circadian Period1 Expression in the Striatum and for Circadian Cocaine Sensitization in Mice

Akhisaroğlu

Ahmed

et al. 2003

Neuropsychopharmacol

108

106

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Sensitization to psychostimulants can be influenced by circadian rhythms. The pineal gland, the main source of circadian melatonin synthesis, may influence behavioral sensitization to cocaine; mice with normal melatonin rhythms do not get sensitized at night. Clock genes such as Period1 (Per1) show rhythmic region-and strain-dependent expression in the mouse brain, and mice mutant for the Per1 gene lack cocaine sensitization. Here, for the first time we show circadian changes of PER1 protein levels in the mouse striatum, a brain region crucial for the development of locomotor sensitization to cocaine. In male C3H/HeJ mice, we found peak striatal PER1 protein levels during the day; this was preceded by a Per1 mRNA peak 16 h earlier. Pinealectomized mice did not show this circadian pattern. We analyzed circadian cocaine sensitization at times when striatal PER1 protein levels in control mice (naive and sham-pinealectomized) were high and low, respectively. Only mice with circadian changes in striatal Per1 expression showed the night-time absence of cocaine sensitization, whereas pinealectomized mice were without circadian changes in striatal Per1 and were sensitized to cocaine regardless of diurnal rhythm. Our results indicate that both the striatal circadian Per1 expression and diurnal locomotor cocaine sensitization are strongly influenced by pineal products. Since we found evidence for the expression of melatonin receptor mRNA in the striatum, we suggest that further studies on pineal-driven mechanisms will help us better understand the mechanisms of drug abuse and identify novel targets for the prevention and/or treatment of addictions.

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Diurnal differences in amphetamine sensitization

Cited by 47 publications

References 35 publications

The role of mPer1 in morphine dependence in mice

The role of mPer1 in morphine dependence in mice

Methylphenidate (Ritalin): Behavioral Studies in the Rat

The Pineal Gland is Critical for Circadian Period1 Expression in the Striatum and for Circadian Cocaine Sensitization in Mice

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