Diurnal Dynamics of Stress and Mood during Covid-19 Lockdown - An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

Feneberg, Anja C.; Forbes, Paul; Piperno, Giulio; Pronizius, Ekaterina; Stijovic, Ana; Skoluda, Nadine; Lamm, Claus; Nater, Urs M.; Silani, Giorgia

doi:10.31234/osf.io/9rf8g

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Additionally, in all models we controlled for whether participants were engaged in free time at the time of the data entry (free time: 1 = free time, 0 = not free time) and the time of the data entry (EMA time). These two variables were included in all models as stress and mood fluctuate across the day and are strongly influenced by whether individuals are working or not 18 . EMA time was centered to 10 AM on each day and all other level-1 variables were participant mean-centered 26 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depressive symptoms and loneliness increased following COVID-19 lockdown 14,15 and both have previously been shown to influence how individuals respond to social interactions 16,17 . Moreover, both lonely and more depressed individuals have consistently been shown to be more vulnerable to the effects of lockdown in terms of their psychological wellbeing 18 . To this end, we conducted exploratory analyses in burst 1, which we aimed to replicate in burst 2, to determine whether trait loneliness and depressive symptoms, two clinically relevant individual differences measures, modulated the link between social interactions and stress and mood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of social interactions on momentary stress and mood during COVID-19 lockdowns

Forbes¹,

Pronizius²,

Feneberg³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BACKGROUND: Social interactions are vital for our wellbeing, particularly during times of stress. PURPOSE: We investigated the real-time effect of social interactions on changes in stress and mood using an ecological momentary assessment approach in 732 participants during COVID-19 lockdown in spring 2020 and in a subsample of these participants (n= 281) during a further lockdown in winter 2020. METHODS: Participants reported their stress and mood in a smartphone app five times per day for seven days and indicated the nature and frequency of their recent social interactions. RESULTS: Overall, social interactions and their frequency were associated with enhanced momentary mood. In person interactions, but not those that were not in person (e.g., via audio, video, or text), were linked to lower stress, especially if they were with closer others. Individuals scoring high on trait loneliness benefited least from social interactions in terms of their momentary mood, whereas those scoring high on trait depressive symptoms benefited the most. Our key findings replicated across both lockdowns. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the benefits and limits of social interactions for improving momentary mood and stress during psychologically demanding periods and highlight how clinically relevant individual differences can modulate these effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of social interactions on momentary stress and mood during COVID-19 lockdowns

Forbes¹,

Pronizius²,

Feneberg³

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In all analyses, we controlled for whether participants were engaged in free time at the time of the data entry (free time: 1=free time, 0=not free time) and the time of the data entry (EMA time). These two variables were included in all models as stress and mood fluctuate across the day and are strongly influenced by whether individuals are working or not (Feneberg et al, 2021). EMA time was centered to 10:00 on each day and all other level-1 variables were participant mean-centered (Enders & Tofighi, 2007).…”

Section: Preprint 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of social interactions on momentary stress and mood during COVID‐19 lockdowns

Forbes

Pronizius

Feneberg

et al. 2022

British J Health Psychol

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OBJECTIVE: Social interactions are vital for our wellbeing, particularly during times of stress. However, previous studies linking social interactions to psychological outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic have largely been retrospective and/or cross-sectional. Thus, we tested four preregistered hypotheses (H1-H4) concerning the real-time effect of social interactions on momentary changes in stress and mood during two COVID-19 lockdowns. DESIGN:We used an ecological momentary assessment approach in 732 participants in spring 2020 and in a subsample of these participants (n= 281) during a further lockdown in autumn/winter 2020. METHODS: Participants reported their stress and mood in a smartphone app five times per day for seven days and indicated the nature and frequency of their recent social interactions. RESULTS: Social interactions (H1) and their frequency (H2) improved momentary affect. This was particularly the case for face-to-face interactions which, compared to other types of interactions, reduced momentary stress and boosted mood across both lockdowns, even when controlling for the pleasantness of the interaction and the closeness of the interaction partner (H3). We also show that individual differences in people's responsiveness to different social rewards modulated the impact of social interactions on momentary mood (H4). CONCLUSIONS: This study extends findings from cross-sectional and retrospective studies by highlighting the real-time affective benefits of social interactions during COVID-19 lockdown. The results have important implications for the (self-) management of stress and mood during psychologically demanding periods.

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The effects of momentary loneliness and COVID-19 stressors on hypothalamic–pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis functioning: A lockdown stage changes the association between loneliness and salivary cortisol

Haucke¹,

Golde²,

Saft³

et al. 2022

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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Diurnal Dynamics of Stress and Mood during Covid-19 Lockdown - An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

Cited by 3 publications

References 91 publications

The effects of social interactions on momentary stress and mood during COVID-19 lockdowns

The effects of social interactions on momentary stress and mood during COVID-19 lockdowns

The effects of social interactions on momentary stress and mood during COVID‐19 lockdowns

The effects of momentary loneliness and COVID-19 stressors on hypothalamic–pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis functioning: A lockdown stage changes the association between loneliness and salivary cortisol

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