Diurnal effects of enriched environment on immediate early gene expression in the rat brain

Rönnbäck, Annica; Dahlqvist, Per; Bergström, Sven-Anders; Olsson, Tommy

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2005.03.051

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…[68][69][70] Interestingly, Krox20 expression is upregulated exclusively during the dark phase in the cortex and Hippo of rats exposed to an enriched environment. 71 The activity and neurotransmitter-induced early gene protein 4 (Ania-4) shares high homology with doublecortin-like kinase, CaM-Kinase, the CaMKrelated peptide (CARP) and the candidate plasticity gene 16 (CPG16), a protein serine/threonine kinase. 72,73 Ania-4, together with Homer and Erg2, is upregulated in the striatum by dopaminergic stimulation.…”

Section: Number Of Transcripts Affected By Single and Multiple Treatmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Region-specific transcriptional changes following the three antidepressant treatments electro convulsive therapy, sleep deprivation and fluoxetine

et al. 2006

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The significant proportion of depressed patients that are resistant to monoaminergic drug therapy and the slow onset of therapeutic effects of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)/serotonin/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are two major reasons for the sustained search for new antidepressants. In an attempt to identify common underlying mechanisms for fast-and slow-acting antidepressant modalities, we have examined the transcriptional changes in seven different brain regions of the rat brain induced by three clinically effective antidepressant treatments: electro convulsive therapy (ECT), sleep deprivation (SD), and fluoxetine (FLX), the most commonly used slow-onset antidepressant. Each of these antidepressant treatments was applied with the same regimen known to have clinical efficacy: 2 days of ECT (four sessions per day), 24 h of SD, and 14 days of daily treatment of FLX, respectively. Transcriptional changes were evaluated on RNA extracted from seven different brain regions using the Affymetrix rat genome microarray 230 2.0. The gene chip data were validated using in situ hybridization or autoradiography for selected genes. The major findings of the study are:1. The transcriptional changes induced by SD, ECT and SSRI display a regionally specific distribution distinct to each treatment. 2. The fast-onset, short-lived antidepressant treatments ECT and SD evoked transcriptional changes primarily in the catecholaminergic system, whereas the slow-onset antidepressant FLX treatment evoked transcriptional changes in the serotonergic system. 3. ECT and SD affect in a similar manner the same brain regions, primarily the locus coeruleus, whereas the effects of FLX were primarily in the dorsal raphe and hypothalamus, suggesting that both different regions and pathways account for fast onset but short lasting effects as compared to slow-onset but long-lasting effects. However, the similarity between effects of ECT and SD is somewhat confounded by the fact that the two treatments appear to regulate a number of transcripts in an opposite manner. 4. Multiple transcripts (e.g. brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), serum/glucocorticoidregulated kinase (Sgk1)), whose level was reported to be affected by antidepressants or behavioral manipulations, were also found to be regulated by the treatments used in the present study. Several novel findings of transcriptional regulation upon one, two or all three treatments were made, for the latter we highlight homer, erg2, HSP27, the proto oncogene ret, sulfotransferase family 1A (Sult1a1), glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD3), the orphan receptor G protein-coupled receptor 88 (GPR88) and a large number of expressed sequence tags (ESTs). 5. Transcripts encoding proteins involved in synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus were strongly affected by ECT and SD, but not by FLX.The novel transcripts, concomitantly regulated by several antidepressant treatments, may represent novel targets for fast onset, long-duration antidepressants.

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Section: Number Of Transcripts Affected By Single and Multiple Treatmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Region-specific transcriptional changes following the three antidepressant treatments electro convulsive therapy, sleep deprivation and fluoxetine

et al. 2006

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“…Egr1 upregulation is thought to initiate a program of gene regulation leading to neuronal plasticity (Chaudhuri 1997). For instance, Egr1 has been shown to directly induce synapse-specific proteins, morphological changes after exposure to an enriched environment and other plasticity-related phenomena (Knapska and Kaczmarek 2004;Ribeiro et al 2004;Ronnback et al 2005). Similarly, Fos upregulates phospholipid synthesis and is required for neurite elongation in differentiating PC12 Cells (Gil et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term decrease in immediate early gene expression after electroconvulsive seizures

Calais

Valvassori²,

Resende³

et al. 2012

J Neural Transm

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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a well-established psychiatric treatment for severe depression. Despite its clinical utility, post-ECT memory deficits are a common side effect. Neuronal plasticity and memory consolidation are intimately related to the expression of immediate early genes (IEG), such as Egr1, Fos and Arc. Changes in IEG activation have been postulated to underlie long-term neuronal adaptations following electroconvulsive seizures (ECS), an animal model of ECT. To test this hypothesis, we used real-time PCR to examine the effect of acute and chronic ECS (8 sessions, one every other day) on the long-term (>24 h) expression of IEG Egr1, Fos and Arc in the hippocampus, a brain region implicated both in the pathophysiology of depression as well as in memory function. We observed a transient increase in Egr1 and Fos expression immediately after ECS, followed by a long-term decrease of IEG levels after both acute and chronic ECS. A separate group of animals, submitted to the same chronic ECS protocol and then subjected to open field or passive avoidance tasks, confirmed robust memory deficits 2 weeks after the last chronic ECS. The possible role of IEG downregulation on long-term learning deficits observed following ECS are discussed.

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“…All animals were killed during the same daily 5-hr window in order to diminish confounding factors from diurnal variations in gene expression. 32 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microarray Analyses of Genes Regulated by Isoflurane Anesthesia In Vivo

Edmands

LaDow

Hall

2013

Anesthesia &Amp; Analgesia

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Background While general anesthetics are recognized for their potential to render patients unconscious during surgery, exposure can also lead to long-term outcomes of both cellular damage and protection. As regards the latter, delayed anesthetic preconditioning is an evolutionarily conserved physiological response that has the potential for protecting against ischemic injury in a number of tissues. While it is known that delayed preconditioning requires de novo protein synthesis, knowledge of anesthetic-regulated genes is incomplete. In this study we used the conserved nature of preconditioning to analyze differentially regulated genes in three different rat tissues. We hypothesized that by selecting those genes regulated in multiple tissues, we could develop a focused list of gene candidates potentially involved in delayed anesthetic preconditioning. Methods Young adult male Sprague Dawley rats were anesthetized with a 2% isoflurane/98% air mixture for 90 min. Immediately after anesthetic exposure, animals were killed and liver, kidney and heart were removed and total RNA was isolated. Differential gene expression was determined using rat oligonucleotide gene arrays. Array data were analyzed to select for genes that were significantly regulated in multiple tissues. Results All three tissues showed differentially regulated genes in response to a clinically relevant exposure to isoflurane. Analysis of coordinately regulated genes yielded a focused list of 34 potential gene candidates with a range of ontologies including regulation of inflammation, modulation of apoptosis, regulation of ion gradients and maintenance of energy pathways. Conclusions We conclude that, through using an analysis approach focusing on coordinately regulated genes, we were able to generate a focused list of interesting gene candidates with potential to enable future preconditioning studies.

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Diurnal effects of enriched environment on immediate early gene expression in the rat brain

Cited by 12 publications

References 42 publications

Region-specific transcriptional changes following the three antidepressant treatments electro convulsive therapy, sleep deprivation and fluoxetine

Region-specific transcriptional changes following the three antidepressant treatments electro convulsive therapy, sleep deprivation and fluoxetine

Long-term decrease in immediate early gene expression after electroconvulsive seizures

Microarray Analyses of Genes Regulated by Isoflurane Anesthesia In Vivo

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