Diurnal periodicity of chalcone-synthase activity during the development of oat primary leaves

Peter, H.; Krüger-Alef, Christiane; Knogge, Wolfgang; Brinkmann, Klaus; Weissenböck, Gottfried

doi:10.1007/bf00197740

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The phase of the circadian rhythm of CHS was earlier than CAB, with a peak occurring in the late subjective night . Chalcone synthase enzyme activity and mRNA abundance have previously been reported to exhibit diurnal and circadian regulation (Peter et al, 1991; Deikman and Hammer, 1995; Harmer et al, . Luminescence data were analyzed from whole seedlings, without separate analysis of roots and aerial tissues.…”

Section: Regulation Of Chsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Circadian Clock That Controls Gene Expression in Arabidopsis Is Tissue Specific

Thain

Murtas

Lynn³

et al. 2002

Plant Physiology

144

118

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The expression of CHALCONE SYNTHASE (CHS) expression is an important control step in the biosynthesis of flavonoids, which are major photoprotectants in plants. CHS transcription is regulated by endogenous programs and in response to environmental signals. Luciferase reporter gene fusions showed that the CHS promoter is controlled by the circadian clock both in roots and in aerial organs of transgenic Arabidopsis plants. The period of rhythmic CHS expression differs from the previously described rhythm of chlorophyll a/b-binding protein (CAB) gene expression, indicating that CHS is controlled by a distinct circadian clock. The difference in period is maintained in the wild-type Arabidopsis accessions tested and in the de-etiolated 1 and timing of CAB expression 1 mutants. These clock-affecting mutations alter the rhythms of both CAB and CHS markers, indicating that a similar (if not identical) circadian clock mechanism controls these rhythms. The distinct tissue distribution of CAB and CHS expression suggests that the properties of the circadian clock differ among plant tissues. Several animal organs also exhibit heterogeneous circadian properties in culture but are believed to be synchronized in vivo. The fact that differing periods are manifest in intact plants supports our proposal that spatially separated copies of the plant circadian clock are at most weakly coupled, if not functionally independent. This autonomy has apparently permitted tissue-specific specialization of circadian timing.Light is a key environmental signal for plants, regulating gene expression and development (Neff et al., 2000). Changes in fluence rate and light quality can occur unpredictably and rapidly during the day but have an underlying day-night cycle. Plants have evolved a circadian timing system that allows the anticipation of this predictable rhythm. When plants are deprived of environmental time cues and placed in constant ("free running") environmental conditions, circadian rhythms persist with a period of around 24 h, often for many days (Millar, 1999; McClung, 2000;Murtas and Millar, 2000;Johnson, 2001). Within the circadian system of the whole organism, the term "circadian oscillator" has been used to denote the parts of the system responsible for rhythm generation. Light-dark signals entrain the oscillator via input phototransduction pathways, synchronizing its phase with the environmental light-dark cycle and also affecting its period. Rhythmic output from the oscillator controls a large number of physiological processes in plants ( Lumsden and Millar, 1998). The abundance of 2% to 6% of RNA transcripts in Arabidopsis plants was scored as circadian-regulated in two recent microarray analyses, for example (Harmer et al., 2000;Schaffer et al., 2001).The rhythmic expression of chlorophyll a/bbinding protein (CAB or Light-Harvesting Complex [LHCB]) genes has often been used as a marker for circadian regulation in plants (for review, see Fejes and Nagy, 1998), especially using firefly (Photinus pyralis) luciferase (LUC) repor...

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Section: Regulation Of Chsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Circadian Clock That Controls Gene Expression in Arabidopsis Is Tissue Specific

Thain

Murtas

Lynn³

et al. 2002

Plant Physiology

144

118

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“…Further investigations demonstrated that not only transcript levels of photosynthetic genes express diurnal m R N A patterns, but also genes encoding enzymes such as nitrate reductase (nr [11,15]), catalase 3 (cat [46]), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepC [57]), chalcone synthase (chs [38]), nitrite reductase (nir [4]), glutamine synthetase (gs [5]), RuBPase activase (rca [29,44]), A and B chaperonin subunits (cpn [44]), two heat-inducible proteins [36] and a biotinbinding protein [16]. Free-running oscillations under constant conditions with a period length of ca.…”

Section: Steady-state Mrna Oscillationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

?Circadian clock? directs the expression of plant genes

Piechulla

1993

Plant Mol Biol

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“…Twenty primary leaves, from different developmental stages or tissue preparations from 20 to 30 defined leaf segments and intact segments (as control) were frozen in liquid nitrogen and ground with a mortar and pestle. Chalcone synthase was immediately extracted as previously described (Peter et al 1991). For epidermal layers the extraction buffer was supplemented with 3 mg bovine serum albumin (BSA, Serva, Heidelberg, FRG) per ml or, in some cases, with 5 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF; Serva), a protease inhibitor, both optimized conditions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chalcone synthase was assayed in the presence of 0.5% BSA according to Peter et al (1991). With all leaf or tissue preparations the only reaction product was naringenin, as checked in four different solvents by TLC (Peters 1987;Peters et al 1988).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chalcone synthase and flavonoid products in primary-leaf tissues of rye and maize

Jähne

Fritzen

Weissenböck

1993

Planta

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Abstract. During cell and tissue differentiation of developing rye (Secale cereale L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) primary leaves, various flavonoids are synthesized and accumulate in both epidermal and mesophyll tissues. In order to prove either the biosynthetic autonomy of each tissue type and-or intercellular transport of flavonoids, the tissue distributions of chalcone synthase (CHS; EC 2.3.1.74), the key enzyme of the pathway, and of flavonoids have been comparatively investigated. Monoclonal antibodies raised against CHS from rye were used to relate enzyme activity in a particular tissue extract to the corresponding amount of CHS protein. A close correlation was found between CHS activities and amounts of CHS protein during leaf development and in the various tissues. The simultaneous occurrence of CHS in both epidermal layers as well as in the mesophyll correlated with the accumulation of flavonoid products in these tissues, indicating tissue autonomy of flavonoid biosynthesis. These data are in contrast to previous reports (Knogge and Weissenb6ck, 1986, Planta 167, 196-205) on primary leaves of oat (Arena sativa) where CHS and several subsequent enzymes were located mainly in the mesophyll whereas major flavonoid products accumulated predominantly in both epidermal cell layers, indicating that intertissue transport of flavonoids might occur.

show abstract

Diurnal periodicity of chalcone-synthase activity during the development of oat primary leaves

Cited by 17 publications

References 38 publications

The Circadian Clock That Controls Gene Expression in Arabidopsis Is Tissue Specific

The Circadian Clock That Controls Gene Expression in Arabidopsis Is Tissue Specific

?Circadian clock? directs the expression of plant genes

Chalcone synthase and flavonoid products in primary-leaf tissues of rye and maize

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