Diurnal Rhythm and Characteristics of Photosynthesis and Respiration in the Leaf and Root of a Phalaenopsis Plant

Endo, Muneo; Ikusima, Isao

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a077715

Cited by 34 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Phalaenopsis is an obligate CAM plant with a day-night fluctuation of photosynthetic characteristics: malic acid accumulation with open stomata during the night time and starch deposition with closed stomata during the day time, which implies that the maximum malate and starch contents should occur at dawn and dusk, respectively. On the contrary, the minimum malate and starch contents are exhibited at dusk and dawn, respectively (Endo and Ikusima 1989, Guo and Lee 2006, Chen et al 2008, Pollet et al 2011. Hence, we examined the diurnal changes in photosynthetic capacity of Phalaenopsis exposed to lowering [20 μmol(photon) m ] irradiances, together with the daynight changes of the contents of photosynthesis-related metabolites in the new and fully expanded leaf and stem to clarify how limiting light affects the day-night variations in photosynthetic performance, and the cause-and-effect of photosynthates on the spike development of Phalaenopsis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Effect of low irradiance on the photosynthetic performance and spiking of Phalaenopsis

Liu¹,

Liu²,

Lin³

et al. 2016

Photosynt.

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Lowering irradiance can delay the flower stalk, i.e., spike development, in order to schedule flowering time of Phalaenopsis; however, the effect on photosynthetic performance and spiking inhibition remains poorly understood. We compared light and shade treatments of Phalaenopsis aphrodite subsp. formosana in order to determine how limiting light affects day-night changes in the photosynthetic capacity of leaves and the carbon pool of leaves and stems resulting in delayed spiking. The low irradiance treatment [20 μmol(photon) m ] for six weeks did not affect potential functions of photosynthetic apparatus estimated by chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis, but it significantly reduced the net CO 2 uptake and O 2 evolution rates, carbohydrate and organic acid concentrations, and amplitudes of CAM activity in new and fully expanded leaves of Phalaenopsis and delayed the spiking compared with the control kept at 150 μmol(photon) m 2 s 1. The shortened stem contained a remarkably high sucrose concentration, accounting for more than 80% of total soluble sugars for both treatments throughout the day. Moreover, the sucrose concentration was unaffected by the lowering of irradiance. The relationship between the sucrose content and spiking seemed to be loose; the major factor(s) for spiking in Phalaenopsis remained to be ascertained as the flower stalk bud is attached to the shortened stem.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Effect of low irradiance on the photosynthetic performance and spiking of Phalaenopsis

Liu¹,

Liu²,

Lin³

et al. 2016

Photosynt.

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“…Phalaenopsis orchids are epiphytic plants that show crassulacean acid metabolism and are widely cultivated worldwide (Endo and Ikusima, 1989;Guo and Lee, 2006). Researchers have been attempting to reveal how environmental conditions, such as temperature, regulate flowering (Sakanishi et al, 1980;Chen et al, 1994Chen et al, , 2008 in order to achieve stable yearround flower production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization and functional analysis of a Flowering locus T homolog gene from a Phalaenopsis orchid

Dm¹,

Fb²,

Gf³

et al. 2014

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Warm day and cool night conditions significantly induce reproductive spike formation in Phalaenopsis plants; hence, determining the flowering mechanism regulating the reproductive transition is important. Flowering locus T (FT) plays important roles in flowering induction in several plants. To explore spike induction by warm days and cool nights in Phalaenopsis orchids, we isolated the FT (PhFT) from Phalaenopsis hybrid Fortune Saltzman. The cDNA of PhFT was 809-bp long and contained a 531-bp open reading frame encoding a putative protein of 176 amino acids, a 58-bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR), and a 220-bp 3'-UTR. The predicted molecular mass of PhFT was 19.80 kDa, with an isoelectric point of 8.68. The PhFT was predicted to possess the conserved functional regions of the phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein superfamily. Nucleotide sequence data indicated that PhFT contained 3 introns and 4 exons. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses of PhFT revealed high homology to the FT proteins of Cymbidium goeringii and Oncidium Gower Ramsey. Quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that PhFT mRNA Functional characterization of a PhFT gene was expressed in roots, apical leaves, mature leaves, and flowers. In flowers, PhFT was expressed more in developing floral buds than in mature flowers and was predominantly expressed in ovaries and petals. Ectopic expression of PhFT in Arabidopsis ft-1 mutants showed novel early-flowering phenotypes that lost their siliques. Our results indicated that the ectopic expression of PhFT could partially complement the late flowering defect in transgenic Arabidopsis ft-1 mutants. Our findings suggest that PhFT is a putative FT homolog in Phalaenopsis plants that regulates flowering transition.

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“…It is a very popular and the most valuable potted plant in the world because of its stylish, elegant appearance and extended flowering period. Species of this genus are epiphytic crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants (Endo and Ikusima, 1989;Guo and Lee, 2006), originating from tropical and subtropical areas of the South Pacific Islands and Asia. Their juvenile phase lasts up to 36 months from seeding for many commercial Phalaenopsis hybrids (Hew and Yong, 1997), which makes it difficult to meet specific market dates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of warm day and cool night conditions induced flowering-related genes in a Phalaenopsis orchid hybrid by suppression subtractive hybridization

Zhu

et al. 2014

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. The influence of warm day and cool night conditions on induction of spikes in Phalaenopsis orchids has been studied with respect to photosynthetic efficiency, metabolic cycles and physiology. However, molecular events involved in spike emergence induced by warm day and cool night conditions are not clearly understood. We examined gene expression induced by warm day and cool night conditions in the Phalaenopsis hybrid Fortune Saltzman through suppression subtractive hybridization, which allowed identification of flowering-related genes in warm day and cool night conditions in spikes and leaves at vegetative phase grown under warm daily temperatures. In total, 450 presumably regulated expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were identified and classified into functional categories, including metabolism, development, transcription factor, signal transduction, transportation, cell defense, and stress. Furthermore, database comparisons revealed a notable number of Phalaenopsis hybrid Fortune Saltzman ESTs that matched genes with unknown function. The expression profiles of 24 genes (from different functional categories) have been confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR in induced spikes and juvenile apical leaves. The results of the real-time PCR showed that, compared to the vegetative apical leaves, the transcripts of genes encoding flowering locus T, AP1, AP2, KNOX1, knotted1-like homeobox protein, R2R3-like MYB, adenosine kinase 2, S-adenosylmethionine synthetase, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, and naringenin 3-dioxygenase accumulated significantly higher levels, and genes encoding FCA, retrotransposon protein Ty3 and C3HC4-type RING finger protein accumulated remarkably lower levels in spikes of early developmental stages. These results suggested that the genes of two expression changing trends may play positive and negative roles in the early floral transition of Phalaenopsis orchids. In conclusion, spikes induced by warm day and cool night conditions were complex in Phalaenopsis orchids; nevertheless, several molecular flowering pathway-related genes were found. The acquired data form the basis for a molecular understanding of spike induction by warm day and cool night conditions in Phalaenopsis orchids.

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Diurnal Rhythm and Characteristics of Photosynthesis and Respiration in the Leaf and Root of a Phalaenopsis Plant

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of low irradiance on the photosynthetic performance and spiking of Phalaenopsis

Effect of low irradiance on the photosynthetic performance and spiking of Phalaenopsis

Molecular characterization and functional analysis of a Flowering locus T homolog gene from a Phalaenopsis orchid

Identification of warm day and cool night conditions induced flowering-related genes in a Phalaenopsis orchid hybrid by suppression subtractive hybridization

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