Diurnal Skipper<i>Pelopidas mathias</i>(Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) Pollinates<i>Habenaria radiata</i>(Orchidaceae)

Ikeuchi, Yuna; Suetsugu, Kenji; Sumikawa, Huyuhiko

doi:10.3157/021.125.0103

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…For example, in Habenaria radiata Thunb. Spreng, the showy white color of the petals and lips attracted diurnal butterflies as pollinators (Ikeuchi et al, ). In our studied orchid, however, sepals, petals, and lip of flowers, with a relatively high reflectance in visible light (400–700 nm) and a peak reflectance at 550 nm (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flowers of Habenaria species are characterized by their long spurs, with nectar available at the tip. Previous investigations indicated that Habenaria species were predominantly pollinated by lepidopterans (Singer & Cocucci, ; Singer, ; Singer et al, ; Peter et al, ; Pedron et al, ; Ikeuchi et al, ; Xiong et al, ; Zhang & Gao, ; Tao et al, ), which usually have long proboscises. The pollinia in Habenaria species were observed to be placed on various sites on moths’ or butterflies’ bodies, such as on their eyes, heads, or at the base of their proboscises, depending on the match between the nectar spur and pollinator proboscis length (Singer & Cocucci, ; Singer et al, ; Peter et al, ; Pedron et al, ; Xiong et al, ; Johnson et al, ; Zhang & Gao, ; Tao et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effective pollinia transfer by settling moths’ legs in an orchid Habenaria aitchisonii

Xiong

Jia

Chang-qiu

et al. 2019

J of Sytematics Evolution

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A great diversity of flower morphology in orchids has long been thought to be selected by diverse pollinators. Habenaria Willd. (Orchidaceae) species are generally characterized by long nectar spurs and pollinated by long‐tongued insects (Lepidoptera), the mechanical fit between the spur and pollinator proboscis length being supposedly caused by “arms race” reciprocal selection. Here, we report that flowers of Habenaria aitchisonii Rchb. f. with nectar spurs (approximately 9 mm) were pollinated by three species of settling noctuid moths whose proboscises varied in length from 10 to 16 mm. When a settling moth crawled on the spikes and probed the flowers for nectar, pollinia were placed on the moths’ legs rather than on other body parts. Our 5‐year survey of pollinia movement and 3‐year supplemental pollination experiments indicated that fruit and seed production in this orchid were not often pollen‐limited at flower level. In a natural population in Shangri‐La, Southwest China, the proportions of pollinia removal and deposition on stigmas by moth legs were 93.8% and 83.5%, respectively. This finding of efficient pollen transfer by the pollinators’ legs in H. aitchisonii adds a new example of diverse pollinia placement on pollinators (here settling moths) in the Orchidaceae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective pollinia transfer by settling moths’ legs in an orchid Habenaria aitchisonii

Xiong

Jia

Chang-qiu

et al. 2019

J of Sytematics Evolution

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“…The complex shape of the lips suggests that the lips of H. radiata act as visible markers or landing places. It is known that two skipper species ( Pelopidas mathias and P. guttata ) and one hawkmoth ( Theretra japonica ) visit H. radiata flowers and transfer pollinia by attaching them on their head [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. We recorded flower visitors with one video camera and found that the hawkmoth ( Theretra oldenlandiae ) visited several flowers and seemed to suck nectar from spurs while hovering, without landing on the flowers ( Movie S1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Japanese name for this plant “Sagi-sou” (meaning an egret plant), which is derived from the lip morphology, and it has been described in many literature works and novels in Japan. The complex lip shape may play a role in attracting pollinators such as skippers and hawkmoths [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. It is suggested that H. radiata carries local variation in flower shape in different habitats [ 7 ], however quantitative and genetic analyses of the variation have not been performed before.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and Genetic Diversities of Habenaria radiata (Orchidaceae) in the Kinki Area, Japan

Tachibana

Nishikawa

Kubo

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Floral organs have evolved from leaves for reproduction, and the morphological analyses help to understand the plant diversity and evolution. Habenaria radiata (syn. Pecteilis radiata) is a terrestrial orchid living in wetlands in Japan, Russia, South Korea, and China. The habitats of this plant in Japan have been reduced because of environmental destruction and overexploitation, and thus it is on the Red List of Japan as a Near Threatened species. One of the three petals of the H. radiata flower is called a lip or labellum, which resembles a flying white bird, egret, or white heron, with its proposed function being to attract pollinators. To understand the diversity of H. radiata plants in different areas, we examined the lip morphology and phylogeny of populations from eight habitats in the Kinki area, Japan. The complex shapes of the lips were quantified and presented as a radar chart, enabling characterization of the morphological difference among populations. Phylogenetic analysis with microsatellite markers that we generated showed the variation of genetic diversity among populations, suggesting the different degrees of inbreeding, outbreeding, and vegetative propagation. Our approach offers a basic method to characterize the morphological and genetic diversity in natural populations.

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“…Within the genus Pelopidas nine species are widely distributed in the Afrotropical, southern Palearctic, Oriental and Australasian region (de Jong, 2008;Cuvelier, 2009;Warren et al, 2009). The Pelopidas have economic impact as agricultural pests (Huang, et al, 2014;Xiangqun et al, 2014) whilst also providing a vital service to the ecosystem as pollinators of native plants (Ikeuchi et al, 2015) and crops (Tayeng & Gogoi, 2018). Four species are recorded on the island of Sri Lanka: Pelopidas agna agna (Moore 1866), P. mathias mathias (Fabricius, 1798), P. subochracea subochracea Moore, 1878 and P. conjuncta narooa Moore, 1878 (van der Poorten & van der Poorten, 2016; Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A global comparison of DNA sequences of Pelopidas (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) reveals discordance between morphological and genetic data, and an insular ‘ghost’ population

Goonesekera

Lee

Poorten³

et al. 2020

Insect Conserv Diversity

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1. The Pelopidas are a widely distributed genus of hesperiids ranging from the Afrotropical to Australasia. Based on traditional classification, four species are recorded from Sri Lanka: Pelopidas agna, P. mathias, P. subochracea and P. conjuncta. 2. The aim is to test the taxonomic hypotheses of the Sri Lankan Pelopidas as they are currently recognised based on morphology. We achieve this by analysing the phylogenetic relationships among the Pelopidas as well as between the Pelopidas and tribe Baorini both inside and outside of Sri Lanka. 3. We used DNA sequence data from the cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (COI) "barcode" region and two nuclear DNA regions, elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α) and wingless (Wgl) collected for Sri Lankan Pelopidas and combined with all available Pelopidas sequence data from public databases. 4. The reconstructed phylogeny showed that P. mathias, P. agna and P. conjuncta were not monophyletic. Additionally, P. agna in Sri Lanka may now be a hybrid population that retains the P. agna morphology but possesses the mitochondrial DNA of P. mathias (termed a 'ghost' population). Finally, two lineages of P. conjuncta were identified in Sri Lanka, appearing more closely related to other species of Pelopidas than to each other. 5. This study demonstrates the phylogenetic complexity within the Pelopidas and the uniqueness of the Sri Lankan Pelopidas that have not been previously appreciated. This new knowledge is important in planning conservation management and may also guide future work on the potential mechanisms of evolutionary diversification of island butterflies.

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Diurnal SkipperPelopidas mathias(Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) PollinatesHabenaria radiata(Orchidaceae)

Cited by 18 publications

References 12 publications

Effective pollinia transfer by settling moths’ legs in an orchid Habenaria aitchisonii

Effective pollinia transfer by settling moths’ legs in an orchid Habenaria aitchisonii

Morphological and Genetic Diversities of Habenaria radiata (Orchidaceae) in the Kinki Area, Japan

A global comparison of DNA sequences of Pelopidas (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) reveals discordance between morphological and genetic data, and an insular ‘ghost’ population

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