Diurnal Variation in the Excretion of 6β-Hydroxycortisol and Estriol at 32 Weeks Gestation

Younglai, Edward V.; Hunter, David J.

doi:10.1159/000298855

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…We also observed the same diurnal pattern that is present in non‐pregnant women, higher morning cortisol and lower evening cortisol 73,79 . The few small studies that have measured both AM and PM cortisol in pregnant women have reported similar results 58,62–64 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Most studies of cortisol in pregnant women have collected samples in a clinic or laboratory, settings that may be stressful for some but not all women. Studies in pregnant women with saliva samples collected at home have been modest in size ( n = 7–121) 5,54 , 58 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To our knowledge, the POUCH Study is the largest study to date of cortisol levels in pregnant women. Previous studies on cortisol levels in pregnancy have had sample sizes ranging from 7 to 193 5,6 , 40–56,58 , 62–65 . Because the POUCH Study recruited women from 52 prenatal clinics within five diverse communities, it offers an excellent opportunity to test the feasibility of conducting a large‐scale, at‐home protocol for measuring cortisol levels in pregnant women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies of pregnant humans have evaluated cortisol using one single measurement, 40–43 multiple measurements on a single day, 44 measurements at multiple gestational ages, 5,6 , 45–54 and measurements before and after administering a standardised stressor 55–57 . Few studies have sampled maternal cortisol outside a clinic/laboratory setting 5,54 , 58 . Information gained from measuring maternal cortisol levels is likely to be influenced by the protocol used and by greater insights into factors, both salient (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing mid‐trimester salivary cortisol levels across three consecutive days in pregnant women using an at‐home collection protocol

Jones¹,

Holzman²,

Zanella³

et al. 2006

Paediatric Perinatal Epid

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The Pregnancy Outcomes and Community Health (POUCH) Study enrolled women in their 15th to 27th week of pregnancy from 52 prenatal clinics located in five communities. After the study began, an at-home protocol to measure maternal stress was added, which included collection of urine and saliva twice a day (waking = AM, bedtime = PM) for three consecutive days, and completion of a daily diary. The at-home protocol was in place for 2852 POUCH participants at enrollment, and 81.3% (n = 2318) consented and returned samples and diary. For these analyses, salivary cortisol was analysed in a subset of 846 women who delivered at term. Day-to-day correlation coefficients for AM cortisol (0.45-0.55) exceeded those for PM cortisol (0.31-0.43). Study diaries indicated that there was variation in the time interval between waking and sample collection. Analyses of discrete intervals showed the same awakening response pattern in cortisol levels that has been reported in studies with serial AM sampling. The adjusted mean AM cortisol (microg/dL) was 0.506 at 0-15 min post-waking, 0.544 at 16-30 min (P < 0.05), 0.582 at 31-60 min (P < 0.01), and 0.515 at >60 min post-waking. In addition, adjusted mean AM cortisol in samples collected at or before 9 a.m. was higher than that in samples collected after 9 a.m. (0.564 vs. 0.510 microg/dL, P < 0.01). Among working women, adjusted mean AM cortisol was higher on work days than non-work days (0.564 vs. 0.489 microg/dL, P < 0.01), and in multiparae compared with primiparae (0.551 vs. 0.502 microg/dL, P = 0.07). The parity effect was not evident in non-working women. The adjusted mean PM cortisol significantly increased as week of pregnancy at sampling increased, but was not significantly related to time of collection, work day and parity. Factors influencing AM and PM cortisol levels in pregnancy appear to differ. In studies of AM cortisol levels, it is important to gather data on time of sample collection, interval from waking to sample collection, parity and work.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Assessing mid‐trimester salivary cortisol levels across three consecutive days in pregnant women using an at‐home collection protocol

Jones¹,

Holzman²,

Zanella³

et al. 2006

Paediatric Perinatal Epid

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Urinary 6?-hydroxycortisol: a validated test for evaluating drug induction or drug inhibition mediated through CYP3A in humans and in animals

Galteau

Shamsa

2003

European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology

145

116

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6beta-Hydroxycortisol (6beta-OHF) urinary excretion has, for a long time, been considered a marker of drug induction and, more recently, of drug inhibition in humans and in laboratory animals, but its specificity is still under debate. In this work, we review 277 papers devoted to 6beta-OHF urinary excretion. We have evaluated factors that could modify 6beta-OHF excretion and, thus, could explain contradictory results. We have examined the effect of the analytical techniques on physiological values. Intra- and inter-individual variability and the effect of circadian rhythms on urinary excretion of 6beta-OHF as well as cortisol and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids have been evaluated. We also give an overview of drugs that induce, inhibit or have no effect on 6beta-OHF. For inducing and inhibiting drugs, we calculated the ranges of variation of 6beta-OHF excretion from the results indicated in the different papers. This work was done for well-known inducers, such as anticonvulsants, but also for other inducing or inhibiting drugs found in the literature. The time-course of variation in 6beta-OHF excretion when different drugs are co-administered was also investigated. The potential relationship between cytochrome P(450) 3A4 (CYP3A4) polymorphism and 6beta-OHF excretion was studied. Finally, the interest of 6beta-OHF urinary excretion was compared with that of other tests proposed to measure CYP3A4 activity. This review demonstrates that 6beta-OHF urinary excretion is a good test to evaluate drug-metabolising enzyme inducing or inhibiting properties of drugs when the subjects are their own controls, but this test is not reliable enough to measure actual CYP3A4 activity.

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Diurnal Variation in the Excretion of 6β-Hydroxycortisol and Estriol at 32 Weeks Gestation

Cited by 2 publications

References 8 publications

Assessing mid‐trimester salivary cortisol levels across three consecutive days in pregnant women using an at‐home collection protocol

Assessing mid‐trimester salivary cortisol levels across three consecutive days in pregnant women using an at‐home collection protocol

Urinary 6?-hydroxycortisol: a validated test for evaluating drug induction or drug inhibition mediated through CYP3A in humans and in animals

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