Diurnal Variation in the Vertical Profile of the Raindrop Size Distribution for Stratiform Rain as Inferred from Micro Rain Radar Observations in Sumatra

Ramadhan, Ravidho; Marzuki, Marzuki; Vonnisa, Mutya; Harmadi,; Hashiguchi, Hiroyuki; Shimomai, Toyoshi

doi:10.1007/s00376-020-9176-9

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The decreasing Dm trend for stratiform rain is followed by Nw's increase that indicates the break-up process [42]. This result is different from previous studies at Kototabang in west Sumatra using MRR [18,20,42]. It may be due to a small-scale variability of vertical DSD over Sumatra.…”

Section: -Resultscontrasting

confidence: 67%

“…It contained 5,325,630 data for all rainfall event (Figure 1a), 1,389,261 data for stratiform rain (Figure 1b), and 3,936,369 data for convective rain (Figure 1c). Usually, the number of stratiform rain profiles is the largest [18,20], but we found the stratiform rain profile is smaller than convective rain in this study. We compared both stratiform and convective DSD characteristics for several locations, including land, coastal, strait, and ocean, to find the variability.…”

Section: -Data and Methodologycontrasting

confidence: 58%

“…Sumatra is located in the tropical region's warm pool, which is the most active convective area in the world [23]. Several studies have been conducted to study the vertical profile of DSD over Sumatra [18,24,25]. Renggono et al [24] observed DSD's vertical profile using Equatorial Atmospheric Radar (EAR).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Renggono et al [24] observed DSD's vertical profile using Equatorial Atmospheric Radar (EAR). Marzuki et al [25] and Ramadhan et al [18,20] observed the vertical profile of DSD using Micro Rain Radar (MRR). Using this instrument, they found the rainfall type and diurnal variation of DSD in Sumatra.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Vertical Characteristics of Raindrops Size Distribution over Sumatra Region from Global Precipitation Measurement Observation

Ramadhan

Marzuki

Harmadi³

2021

Emerg Sci J

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The climatology of the vertical profile of raindrops size distribution (DSD) over Sumatra Region (10° S – 10° N, 90° E – 110° E) has been investigated using Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) level 2 data from January 2015 to June 2018. DSD's vertical profile was observed through a vertical profile of corrected radar reflectivity (Ze) and two parameters of normalized gamma DSD, i.e., mass-weight mean diameter (Dm) and total drops concentration (Nw). Land-ocean contrast and rain type dependence of DSD over Sumatra were clearly observed. The values of Dm and Nw were larger in the land than in the ocean. Negative and positive gradients of Dm toward the surface were dominant during stratiform and convective rains, respectively, consistent with the Z gradient. Moreover, the negative gradient of stratiform rain in the ocean is larger than in land. Thus, the depletion of large drops is dominant over the ocean, which is due to the break-up process that can be observed from the increase of Nw. Raindrop growth of convective rains is more robust over the ocean than land that can be seen from a larger value of Dmgradient. The BB strength is slightly larger over land and coastal region than over the ocean, indicating that the riming process is more dominant over land and coastal regions than the ocean. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01274 Full Text: PDF

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Section: -Resultscontrasting

confidence: 67%

Section: -Data and Methodologycontrasting

confidence: 58%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vertical Characteristics of Raindrops Size Distribution over Sumatra Region from Global Precipitation Measurement Observation

Ramadhan

Marzuki

Harmadi³

2021

Emerg Sci J

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“…The comparison of both instruments has never been conducted in Indonesia. This comparison takes into account monthly variations and diurnal variations, which are significantly observed in Sumatra [16,[27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Bright Band Radar from GPM and MRR Observation in West Sumatera

Ramadhan

Marzuki

Vonnisa

et al. 2021

J. Penelit. Fis. Apl.

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The Bright band (BB) observation can be used as an indication of the melting layer height. Measurement of BB from Normal Scan (NS) on Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) had been compared with Micro Rain Radar (MRR), which is installed in Kototabang, West Sumatera (0.23o S; 100.32oE; 865 m above sea level). The GPM data were collected from December 2014 to June 2018 and compared with MRR observation from January 2012 to August 2016. The BB values from these instruments were also compared with the values recommended by the International Telecommunication Union Recommendation (ITU-R) P.839. The BB from GPM and MRR showed slightly diurnal and seasonal variations. BB observations from GPM and MRR show good agreement with slightly difference in diurnal and seasonal variations. BB observations are more similar when the intensity of solar radiation is lower, i.e. at night (18.00-24.00 LT) until early morning (00.00-06.00 LT). Furthermore, MRR showed a slight bimodal pattern in the seasonal variation while GPM did not. Thus, the seasonal variation in observation of both instrument is different. The largest different from the seasonal variation was observed in the summer season (June-August(JJA)). The mean BB of the two instruments is lower than the Freezing Height Level (FHL) value calculated from the ITU-R model. However, many BB from the two instruments (>36 %) has a BB altitude higher than FHL. Thus, the constant assumption of FHL in West Sumatera for the rain attenuation estimation of microwaves may not be appropriate.

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