Diurnal variations in circulating hormone levels and brown adipose tissue activity in “cafeteria”-fed rats

Rothwell, Nancy J.; Stock, Michael J.; Warwick, Barry P.; Winter, P de

doi:10.1016/0300-9629(83)90110-x

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In relating these changes in brown adipose tissue to overall energy balance it should be emphasized that energy balance measurements assess the net change in energy deposition over the entire experimental period, whereas measurements on brown adipose tissue reflect the activity of the tissue at the termination of the ex periment. Although total mitochondrial mass would not be expected to fluctuate greatly on a day-to-day basis, the activity of the proton conductance pathway does exhibit a distinct circadian rhythm (30). Thus the precise stoichiometry of the thermogenic activity of brown adipose tissue and whole-body energy flux can not be clearly defined in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Effect of High Fat Diets on Energy Balance and Thermogenesis in Brown Adipose Tissue of Lean and Genetically Obese ob/ob Mice

Mercer

Trayhurn

1987

The Journal of Nutrition

124

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The effects on energy balance and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis of feeding high fat diets of differing fatty acid composition have been investigated in lean and genetically obese (ob/ob) mice. Groups of mice were fed either a low fat diet or a high fat diet based on corn oil or beef tallow for 2 wk. Energy intake and body weight gain were higher in both lean and obese animals fed the high fat diets than in respective mice fed the low fat diets. Carcass energy gain was greater for the obese than for the lean consuming each of the diets. Both lean and obese mice had a higher energy gain when fed the beef tallow diet than when fed the corn oil, despite isoenergetic intakes of the two diets. The thermogenic activity of brown adipose tissue, assessed from measurements of cytochrome oxidase activity and mitochondrial guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP) binding, were greater in both lean and obese mice fed the corn oil diet than in those fed the low fat diet. However, GDP binding and cytochrome oxidase activities in lean or obese mice fed the beef tallow diet were not different from those of mice of the same genotype fed the low fat diet. These results indicate that in both lean and obese (ob/ob) mice energy deposition and the stimulation of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis during the voluntary hyperphagia induced by feeding high fat diets are influenced by the fatty acid composition of the diet. A diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids appears to result in preferential stimulation of the thermogenic activity of brown adipose tissue, particularly in the ob/ob mouse.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Effect of High Fat Diets on Energy Balance and Thermogenesis in Brown Adipose Tissue of Lean and Genetically Obese ob/ob Mice

Mercer

Trayhurn

1987

The Journal of Nutrition

124

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“…However, there is no circadian variation in brown adipose tissue metabolism in rats provided with standard rat food [37], so it is unlikely that the circadian variation in the effects L-NAME has on thermoregulation are explained by its inhibitory actions on brown adipose tissue. Alternatively, the drop in body temperature may also have been the result of decreased nocturnal food intake [36], or decreased activity [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Circadian variation in the effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors on body temperature, feeding and activity in rats

Kamerman

Mitchell

Laburn

2001

Pflügers Arch - Eur J Physiol

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We have investigated whether there is circadian variation in the effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors on body temperature, physical activity and feeding. We used nocturnally active Sprague-Dawley rats, housed at approximately 24 degrees C with a 12:12 h light:dark cycle (lights on 07:00 hours) and provided with food and water ad libitum. Nitric oxide synthesis was inhibited by intraperitoneal injection of the unspecific nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N-nitro- L-arginine methyl ester ( L-NAME, 100, 50, 25, 10 mg/kg), or the relatively selective inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor aminoguanidine (100, 50 mg/kg), during the day ( approximately 09:00 hours) or night ( approximately 21:00 hours). Body temperature and physical activity were measured using radiotelemetry, while food intake was calculated by weighing each animal's food before as well as 12 and 24 h after each injection. We found that daytime injection of L-NAME and aminoguanidine had no effect on daytime body temperature. However, daytime injection of both drugs did decrease nocturnal food intake ( P<0.05) and activity ( P<0.05). When injected at night, L-NAME reduced night-time body temperature ( P<0.01), activity ( P<0.05) and food intake ( P<0.05) in a dose-dependent manner, but night-time injection of aminoguanidine inhibited only night-time activity ( P<0.05). The effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibition on body temperature, feeding and activity therefore are primarily a consequence of inhibiting constitutively expressed nitric oxide synthase, and are subject to circadian variation.

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“…Thus they are very active in the night and sedentary through the day even when maintained under laboratory conditions (Heldmaier and Steinlechner, 1981). This is especially important when investigating energy balance and the potential role of BAT which is much more active at night than day (Rothwell et al, 1983; Stefanidis et al, 2009). Simply changing day length, therefore, has the potential to cause a pronounced effect on body mass as a consequence of increased activity of the BAT-specific UCP1 (Cannon and Nedergaard, 2004).…”

Section: Diurnal and Photoperiodic Changes In Metabolic Control And Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Obesity Epidemic: From the Environment to Epigenetics – Not Simply a Response to Dietary Manipulation in a Thermoneutral Environment

Symonds¹,

Sebért

Budge

2011

Front. Gene.

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The prevalence of obesity continues to increase particularly in developed countries. To establish the primary mechanisms involved, relevant animal models which track the developmental pathway to obesity are required. This need is emphasized by the substantial rise in the number of overweight and obese children, of which a majority will remain obese through adulthood. The past half century has been accompanied with unprecedented transitions in our lifestyle. Each of these changes substantially contributes to enhancing our capacity to store energy into adipose tissues. The complex etiology of adiposity is critical as a majority of models investigating obesity utilize a simplistic high-fat/low-carbohydrate diet, fed over a short time period to comparatively young inbred animals maintained in fixed environment. The natural history of obesity is much more complex involving many other mechanisms and this type of challenge may not be the optimal experimental intervention. Such processes include changes in adipose tissue composition with time and the transition from brown to white adipose tissue. Brown adipose tissue, due its unique ability to rapidly produce large amounts of heat could have a pivotal role in energy balance and is under epigenetic regulation mediated by the histone H3k9-specific demethylase Jhdma2a. Furthermore, day length has a potential role in determining endocrine and metabolic responses in brown fat. The potential to utilize novel models and interventions across a range of animal species in adipose tissue development may finally start to yield sustainable strategies by which excess fat mass can, at last, be avoided in humans.

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Diurnal variations in circulating hormone levels and brown adipose tissue activity in “cafeteria”-fed rats

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of High Fat Diets on Energy Balance and Thermogenesis in Brown Adipose Tissue of Lean and Genetically Obese ob/ob Mice

Effect of High Fat Diets on Energy Balance and Thermogenesis in Brown Adipose Tissue of Lean and Genetically Obese ob/ob Mice

Circadian variation in the effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors on body temperature, feeding and activity in rats

The Obesity Epidemic: From the Environment to Epigenetics – Not Simply a Response to Dietary Manipulation in a Thermoneutral Environment

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