Divergence in Plant Traits and Increased Modularity Underlie Repeated Transitions Between Low and High Elevations in the Andean Genus Leucheria

Pérez, Fernánda; Lavandero, Nicolás; Ossa, Carmen Gloria; Hinojosa, Luis Felipe; Jara‐Arancio, Paola; Arroyo, Mary T. K.

doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.00714

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Diversification and development of novel adaptations promoted by arid conditions have been widely established in other South American plant genera: Chaetanthera , Malesherbia , Cristaria , Heliotropium sect. cochranea, Leucheria , and Leucocoryne ( Gengler-Nowak, 2002 ; Guerrero et al, 2013 ; Jara-Arancio et al, 2014 , 2017 ; Böhnert et al, 2019 ; Pérez et al, 2020 ), in accordance with the idea that arid regions are strong drivers of lineage diversification ( Stebbins, 1952 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…These events are a sign of the birth of the Andean corridor, allowing north-south dispersal of species ( Luebert and Weigend, 2014 ). This corridor has been considered as an explanation for plant diversification patterns in South America, such as in: Azorella , Chuquiraga ; Laretia , Leucheria , Mulinum , and Perezia ( Ezcurra, 2002 ; Simpson et al, 2009 ; Nicolas and Plunkett, 2012 , 2014 ; Pérez et al, 2020 ). Apparently, this holds true also for Argylia , where dispersal and cladogenetic events occurred mainly during a period when arid and semi-arid altitudinal belts were formed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biogeography of Argylia D. Don (Bignoniaceae): Diversification, Andean Uplift and Niche Conservatism

et al. 2021

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Andean uplift and the concomitant formation of the Diagonal Arid of South America is expected to have promoted species diversification through range expansions into this novel environment. We evaluate the evolution of Argylia, a genus belonging to the Bignoniaceae family whose oldest fossil record dates back to 49.4 Ma. Today, Argylia is distributed along the Andean Cordillera, from 15°S to 38.5°S and from sea level up to 4,000 m.a.s.l. We ask whether Argylia’s current distribution is a result of a range expansion along the Andes Cordillera (biological corridor) modulated by climatic niche conservatism, considering the timing of Andean uplift (30 Ma – 5 Ma). To answer this question, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of Argylia species, estimated divergence times, estimated the realized climatic niche of the genus, reconstructed the ancestral climatic niche, evaluated its evolution, and finally, performed an ancestral range reconstruction. We found strong evidence for climatic niche conservatism for moisture variables, and an absence of niche conservatism for most of the temperature variables considered. Exceptions were temperature seasonality and winter temperature. Results imply that Argylia had the capacity to adapt to extreme temperature conditions associated with the Andean uplift and the new climatic corridor produced by uplift. Ancestral range reconstruction for the genus showed that Argylia first diversified in a region where subtropical conditions were already established, and that later episodes of diversification were coeval with the of Andean uplift. We detected a second climatic corridor along the coastal range of Chile-Peru, the coastal lomas, which allowed a northward range expansion of Argylia into the hyperarid Atacama Desert. Dating suggests the current distribution and diversity of Argylia would have been reached during the Late Neogene and Pleistocene.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeography of Argylia D. Don (Bignoniaceae): Diversification, Andean Uplift and Niche Conservatism

et al. 2021

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“…As of this writing, this is the only model so far developed explicitly for analyses of evolutionary integration. Consequently, nearly all empirical studies of evolutionary integration and modularity assume that phenotypic evolution can be modeled as Brownian motion, applying methods commonly used to study integration and modularity to the Brownian rate matrix ( R ), such as PLS (Alvarez et al, 2015; Bright et al, 2016; Hedrick et al, 2019; Klingenberg & Marugan‐Lobon, 2013; Randau & Goswami, 2017); RV coefficient (Alvarez et al, 2015; Klingenberg & Marugan‐Lobon, 2013); Covariance Ratio (Dellinger et al, 2019; Du et al, 2019; Perez et al, 2020), and EMMLi (Evans et al, 2019; Felice et al, 2019; Hedrick et al, 2019). If the Brownian model is not true, the parameter estimates, that is, the evolutionary covariances among traits and evolutionary rates, are not correctly estimated.…”

Section: What Does Modularity Mean For Evolution?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some compare the evolutionary covariance structures across lineages (e.g., Collar et al, 2014; Du et al, 2019; Felice et al, 2019) or compare the strength of evolutionary integration and modularity across subsets of traits (Vidal‐Garcia & Scott Keogh, 2017). Additionally, some also analyze the relationship between evolutionary rates and evolutionary covariances (Navalon et al, 2020; Perez et al, 2020) or that between evolutionary modularity/integration, disparity, and evolutionary rate (Bardua et al, 2020; Conith et al, 2020; Du et al, 2019; Evans et al, 2019; Fabre et al, 2020; Felice & Goswami, 2018; Larouche et al, 2018; Watanabe et al, 2019).…”

Section: What Does Modularity Mean For Evolution?mentioning

confidence: 99%

What does modularity mean?

Zelditch

Goswami

2021

Evolution and Development

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Modularity is now generally recognized as a fundamental feature of organisms, one that may have profound consequences for evolution. Modularity has recently become a major focus of research in organismal biology across multiple disciplines including genetics, developmental biology, functional morphology, population and evolutionary biology. While the wealth of new data, and also new theory, has provided exciting and novel insights, the concept of modularity has become increasingly ambiguous. That ambiguity is underlain by diverse intuitions about what modularity means, and the ambiguity is not merely about the meaning of the word—the metrics of modularity are measuring different properties and the methods for delimiting modules delimit them by different, sometimes conflicting criteria. The many definitions, metrics and methods can lead to substantial confusion not just about what modularity means as a word but also about what it means for evolution. Here we review various concepts, using graphical depictions of modules. We then review some of the metrics and methods for analyzing modularity at different levels. To place these in theoretical context, we briefly review theories about the origins and evolutionary consequences of modularity. Finally, we show how mismatches between concepts, metrics and methods can produce theoretical confusion, and how potentially illogical interpretations can be made sensible by a better match between definitions, metrics, and methods.

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“…Elevation is a dominant environmental factor affecting differentiation of mountain vegetation and plant interactions with light, precipitation, temperature, and radiation. As a response to life at high elevations, Polygonum paleaceum [15], Carum carvi [16], and Populus euphratica [17] produced thicker cell walls, upper and lower epidermis, spongy tissue, and palisade tissue. However, some studies have found the opposite trends.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in leaf anatomical traits of Betula albosinensis at different altitudes reflects the adaptive strategy to environmental changes

Yang¹,

Chen²,

Chong³

et al. 2022

ScienceAsia

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The ability of plants to adapt to environmental variability and self-regulate in complex habitats often reflected in leaf anatomical changes. In an assessment of 19 characteristics of Betula albosinensis leaves, samples were taken from trees grown along an altitudinal gradient on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and distributed at three altitudes: 2434 m, 2824 m, and 3060 m. Anatomical characteristics of the leaves' blade, mesophyll, and midrib were studied using paraffin slice technology. We found that altitudes and changes in altitude affected the leaf anatomy. As altitude increased, the blade and the mesophyll became thinner, and the transport tissues of the midrib became relatively underdeveloped. However, intra-altitudinal variation was the main source of phenotypic variance. Pearson correlation and principal component analysis revealed that each trait had different ecological dimensions, and that there were trade-offs and covariance relationships between traits. In summary, to adapt to the local altitudinal conditions, Betula albosinensis may exhibit multiple responses, such as reducing investment in leaves, which can boost short-term growth rates, and the "quick investment and return" strategy. Our findings are useful in understanding anatomical adaptations and their trade-offs to environmental variation.

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Divergence in Plant Traits and Increased Modularity Underlie Repeated Transitions Between Low and High Elevations in the Andean Genus Leucheria

Cited by 7 publications

References 76 publications

Biogeography of Argylia D. Don (Bignoniaceae): Diversification, Andean Uplift and Niche Conservatism

Biogeography of Argylia D. Don (Bignoniaceae): Diversification, Andean Uplift and Niche Conservatism

What does modularity mean?

Variation in leaf anatomical traits of Betula albosinensis at different altitudes reflects the adaptive strategy to environmental changes

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