Divergence in salinity tolerance of northern Gulf of Mexico eastern oysters under field and laboratory exposure

Marshall, Danielle A; Casas, Sandra M; Walton, William C; Rikard, F Scott; Palmer, Terence A; Breaux, Natasha; La Peyre, Megan K; Beseres Pollack, Jennifer; Kelly, Morgan; La Peyre, Jerome F

doi:10.1093/conphys/coab065

Conservation Physiology

2021

DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coab065

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Divergence in salinity tolerance of northern Gulf of Mexico eastern oysters under field and laboratory exposure

Danielle A Marshall,

Sandra M Casas,

William C Walton

et al.

Abstract: Using field and laboratory studies, we provide evidence of adaptation to local salinity regimes in the progenies of US Gulf of Mexico eastern oysters from estuaries differing substantially in annual mean salinity. Determining specific adaptations of oysters to local environmental conditions is important for conservation, restoration and the expanding aquaculture industry.

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Cited by 19 publications

References 106 publications

(146 reference statements)

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The use of conceptual ecological models to identify critical data and uncertainties to support numerical modeling: The northern Gulf of Mexico eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica example

La Peyre,

Sable,

Marshall

et al. 2024

Mar Coast Fish

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ObjectiveIncreasing reliance on numerical simulation models to help inform management and restoration choices benefits from careful consideration of critical early steps in model development. Along the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico, the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica fulfills important ecological and economic roles. Using the eastern oyster as an example, we draw on several recent frameworks outlining best practices for model development and application for restoration, conservation, and management.MethodsWe identify priority model questions, outline a conceptual ecological model (CEM) to guide numerical model development, and use this framework to identify uncertainties and research needs.ResultThe CEM uses a nested design, identifying explicit vital rates, processes, attributes, and outcomes for the species (oysters), population, and metapopulation (i.e., network of populations) levels in response to drivers of species, population, and metapopulation changes and changing environmental factors. Most management actions related to oyster restoration and harvest affect population attributes directly, but many coastal management actions and changes (i.e., climate change and coastal and water resource engineering) impact environmental factors that alter vital rates and attributes of oysters, populations, and metapopulations.ConclusionInvestment in studies targeting individual oyster‐ and population‐level multi‐stressor responses (filtration, respiration, growth, and reproduction) and improving hydrodynamic and environmental models targeting drivers that influence metapopulation vital rates and attributes (i.e., connectivity and substrate persistence) would contribute to reducing uncertainties. Development of numerical models covering the entire oyster life cycle and connectivity of populations using hydrodynamic models of current and predicted conditions to provide key abiotic and biotic factors influencing larval movement, recruitment, and on‐reef oyster vital rates would assist in balancing the goals of conservation, restoration, and fisheries management of this foundational estuarine species.

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The use of conceptual ecological models to identify critical data and uncertainties to support numerical modeling: The northern Gulf of Mexico eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica example

La Peyre,

Sable,

Marshall

et al. 2024

Mar Coast Fish

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Local Populations of Eastern Oyster from Louisiana Differ inLow‐SalinityTolerance

et al. 2022

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Eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica support a critical commercial industry and provide many ecosystem services to coastal estuaries yet are currently threatened by changing estuarine conditions. A changing climate and the effects of river and coastal management are altering freshwater inflows into productive oyster areas, causing more frequent and extreme salinity exposure. Although eastern oysters are tolerant to a wide range of salinity means and variations, more frequent and extreme exposure to low salinity (<5‰) impacts oyster populations and aquaculture operations. This study assessed four Louisiana eastern oyster stocks to explore population-specific responses to low-salinity exposure. Hatchery-produced progeny (10-25 mm) were deployed in baskets kept off-bottom on longline systems in a low-salinity (mean ± 1 standard error of the mean daily salinity = 8.7 ± 0.2‰; range = 1.2-19.0‰) and a moderatesalinity (16.8 ± 0.3‰; 4.8-30.0‰) environment for 1 year, beginning in December 2019, with growth and mortality determined monthly. Significant differences in cumulative mortality between stocks at the end of the study were found at the low-salinity site, with the greatest increase in cumulative mortality occurring mid-July to mid-August. Mortality differences between stocks suggest that some eastern oyster populations (i.e., stocks) may be better suited to low salinity or low-salinity events than others. This difference may be attributed to similarity between site of origin and grow-out site conditions and/or to greater salinity variability and therefore higher phenotypic plasticity in some eastern oyster populations compared with others. The identification of oyster stocks able to survive under extreme lowsalinity conditions may facilitate the development of "low-salinity-tolerant" broodstock to support aquaculture in areas experiencing and predicted to experience low-salinity events.The eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica (hereafter, "oyster") is a keystone species that provides critical ecosystem services and supports a productive commercial fishery in northern Gulf of Mexico estuaries (Coen et al. 2007;La Peyre et al. 2019a). Estuaries across the northern Gulf of Mexico face increasing environmental variability from

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In-situ valve opening response of eastern oysters to estuarine conditions

Lavaud,

Archer,

La Peyre

et al. 2024

Mar Biol

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High-frequency recordings of valve opening behavior (VOB) in bivalves are often used to detect changes in environmental conditions. However, generally a single variable such as temperature or the presence of toxicants in the water is the focus. A description of routine VOB under non-stressful conditions is also important for interpreting responses to environmental changes. Here we present the first detailed quantitative investigation of the in-situ VOB of eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) to environmental variables typically not considered stressful. The VOB of eight individuals was monitored for seven weeks in a Louisiana estuary. We examined the relationships between VOB metrics (variance in mean % max opening among oysters, the probability of an oyster being closed, and the rate of valve closure), and temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration, the rate of change in those environmental variables, and the rate of change in water depth. Relationships were analyzed through statistical models including rates of change over 0, 0.25, 1-, 6-, 12-, and 24-hours. All the responses were best explained by the 12-hour time step model. The interaction effect between salinity and the rate of change of salinity had the greatest impact on variance in oysters’ behavior. Oysters closed faster at higher salinities and were more likely to be closed at lower chl-a concentrations. Significant interactions were found between many environmental variables, indicating a high level of complexity of oyster behavior in the natural environment. This study contributes to a better understanding of the impact of environmental conditions on oyster behavior and can help inform predictive tools for restoration initiatives and fisheries practices.

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Divergence in salinity tolerance of northern Gulf of Mexico eastern oysters under field and laboratory exposure

Cited by 19 publications

References 106 publications

The use of conceptual ecological models to identify critical data and uncertainties to support numerical modeling: The northern Gulf of Mexico eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica example

The use of conceptual ecological models to identify critical data and uncertainties to support numerical modeling: The northern Gulf of Mexico eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica example

Local Populations of Eastern Oyster from Louisiana Differ inLow‐SalinityTolerance

In-situ valve opening response of eastern oysters to estuarine conditions

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