Divergent Evolution of Glaciation Across High‐Mountain Asia During the Last Four Glacial‐Interglacial Cycles

Yan, Qing; Owen, Lewis A.; Zhang, Zhongshi; Wang, Huijun; Wei, Ting; Jiang, Nanxuan; Zhang, Ran

doi:10.1029/2021gl092411

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Compared with the lower altitude area, alpine habitats are more susceptible to climate and other factors. On the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the greater impact used to happen in habitats with higher altitude, especially since the Quaternary, it has been affected by the repeated fluctuations of the glacial and interglacial periods ( Shi, 2002 ; An et al., 2011 ; Yan et al., 2021 ). More variation in genome often means higher genetic diversity and therefore evolutionary potential.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to survive in the world’s third poplar: Insights from the genome of the highest altitude woody plant, Hippophae tibetana (Elaeagnaceae)

Wang

Jian

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Hippophae tibetana (Tibetan sea-buckthorn) is one of the highest distributed woody plants in the world (3,000-5,200 meters a.s.l.). It is characterized by adaptation to extreme environment and important economic values. Here, we combined PacBio Hifi platform and Hi-C technology to assemble a 1,452.75 Mb genome encoding 33,367 genes with a Contig N50 of 74.31 Mb, and inferred its sexual chromosome. Two Hippophae-specific whole-genome duplication events (18.7-21.2 million years ago, Ma; 28.6-32.4 Ma) and long terminal repeats retroelements (LTR-RTs) amplifications were detected. Comparing with related species at lower altitude, Ziziphus jujuba (<1, 700 meters a.s.l.), H. tibetana had some significantly rapid evolving genes involved in adaptation to high altitude habitats. However, comparing with Hippophae rhamnoides (<3, 700 meters a.s.l.), no rapid evolving genes were found except microtubule and microtubule-based process genes, H. tibetana has a larger genome, with extra 2, 503 genes (7.5%) and extra 680.46 Mb transposable elements (TEs) (46.84%). These results suggest that the changes in the copy number and regulatory pattern of genes play a more important role for H. tibetana adapting to more extreme and variable environments at higher altitude by more TEs and more genes increasing genome variability and expression plasticity. This suggestion was supported by two findings: nitrogen-fixing genes of H. tibetana having more copies, and intact TEs being significantly closer genes than fragmentary TEs. This study provided new insights into the evolution of alpine plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to survive in the world’s third poplar: Insights from the genome of the highest altitude woody plant, Hippophae tibetana (Elaeagnaceae)

Wang

Jian

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…In our simulations, the vegetation cover in East Asia remains the same as in the pre‐industrial (PI) experiment. Detailed information on the 77‐time slices used and the experimental flow can be found in previous studies (Dai et al., 2021; Yan et al., 2021; Zhang et al., 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, to shed some further light on the above‐mentioned proxy data and model uncertainty, we analyze a series of equilibrium experiments over the past 425 ka simulated with the low‐resolution version of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM‐L). These experiments have included variations in orbital parameters, ice sheets, and greenhouse gas levels over the past 425 ka (Dai et al., 2021; Yan et al., 2021; Zhang et al., 2020), and can well simulate the East Asian climate change during glacial‐interglacial cycles. For example, a tripolar precipitation pattern in monsoonal China was well presented by using these equilibrium experiments, which is supported by some available geological proxies (Dai et al., 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These experiments have included variations in orbital parameters, ice sheets, and greenhouse gas levels over the (Berger, 1978); (c) CO 2 concentrations (Luthi et al, 2008); (d) LR04 δ 18 O (Lisiecki & Raymo, 2005). past 425 ka (Dai et al, 2021;Yan et al, 2021;Zhang et al, 2020), and can well simulate the East Asian climate change during glacial-interglacial cycles. For example, a tripolar precipitation pattern in monsoonal China was well presented by using these equilibrium experiments, which is supported by some available geological proxies (Dai et al, 2021).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Simulated Cycles of East Asian Temperature and Precipitation Over the Past 425 ka

et al. 2022

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Records from a wide range of geological archives covering the last few glacial‐interglacial cycles show large inconsistencies in the East Asian summer monsoon variability, which severely hampers our understanding of the evolution and potential mechanisms of the regional East Asian climate on orbital timescales. Here, we examine the simulated temperature and precipitation in East Asia based on a series of equilibrium simulations conducted for the past 425 ka, and we investigate the sensitivity of temperature and precipitation to potential forcings. Our simulations show that, in East Asia, the seasonal mean temperature is dominated by a ∼20‐kyr cycle, and the annual mean temperature (AMT) is dominated by a ∼100‐kyr cycle, which is consistent with previous modeling efforts and geological reconstructions. Additional sensitivity experiments indicate that the greenhouse gas concentration, in combination with the ice volume, is the dominant force for the variations of AMT in East Asia on orbital timescales. For the precipitation in East Asia, our equilibrium simulations and additional sensitivity experiments, together with comprehensive model‐data intercomparison analysis, suggest that the cycles of simulated annual mean precipitation over East Asia are highly model‐dependent, although the dominant ∼20‐kyr cycle in summer precipitation appears to be a robust feature. Overall, the results highlight the large model uncertainty with regard to the relative roles of forcings in hydroclimate variations in East Asia on orbital time scales. There is, therefore, an urgent need to implement more realistic precipitation schemes in models in order to decrease the model spread in simulated precipitation.

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“…Here we use modeling experiments to investigate the response of the tropical AMT to potential forcings on the orbital timescale. With the low-resolution version of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM-L), these equilibrium experiments consider variations in orbital parameters, ice sheets, and greenhouse gas levels spanning the past 425 ka (Yan et al, 2021;Zhang et al, 2020). They covered 77 time slices throughout the past 425 ka and well simulate the climate changes in the monsoon region during past glacial-interglacial cycles (Dai et al, 2021(Dai et al, , 2022.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter Insolation Modulates Boreal Tropical Monsoonal Temperatures in the Late Pleistocene

Dai,

Zhang,

Otterå

et al. 2024

JGR Atmospheres

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During past glacial‐interglacial cycles, the boreal summer insolation is the most crucial external forcing for climate change. However, the question of whether summer insolation is a key forcing on temperatures in the boreal tropics remains under debate, hampering our understanding of climate change at low latitudes. To shed further light on this issue, we performed a series of equilibrium simulations with the NorESM‐L model over the past 425 ka. Our simulations show that in the boreal tropical monsoon region, the simulated annual temperature is anti‐phased towards the boreal summer insolation. This antiphase relation is also supported by some available geological data. Additional diagnostic analyses reveal that the tropical warmth throughout the year is more reliant on winter temperatures than on summer temperatures. This stands in contrast to the situation in middle to high latitudes, particularly in the Mediterranean region. Further correlation analysis and spectrum analysis suggest that the annual temperature in boreal tropics is highly linked to local winter insolation. Our results highlight complex hydrothermal configurations in the boreal tropics, suggesting a decoupling of temperature and precipitation. Specifically, variations in annual temperature and precipitation in the boreal tropics are driven by distinct patterns of seasonal insolation. We deduce that the unique hydrothermal configurations in North Africa may have influenced the dispersal of early humans out of Africa.

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Divergent Evolution of Glaciation Across High‐Mountain Asia During the Last Four Glacial‐Interglacial Cycles

Cited by 14 publications

References 38 publications

How to survive in the world’s third poplar: Insights from the genome of the highest altitude woody plant, Hippophae tibetana (Elaeagnaceae)

How to survive in the world’s third poplar: Insights from the genome of the highest altitude woody plant, Hippophae tibetana (Elaeagnaceae)

Simulated Cycles of East Asian Temperature and Precipitation Over the Past 425 ka

Winter Insolation Modulates Boreal Tropical Monsoonal Temperatures in the Late Pleistocene

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