Divergent Immune Responses to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Infection Correlate with Kinome Responses at the Site of Intestinal Infection

Protein kinase C δ signaling is required for dietary prebiotic-induced strengthening of intestinal epithelial barrier function

“…As described previously1042, Caco-2Bbe1 cells grown in 6-well plates (~1 × 10 6 cells) were incubated with or without 10% w/v scFOS for 15 min. Cells were then lysed with lysis buffer containing 20 mM Tris-HCl [pH 7.5], 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 1% Triton, 2.5 mM sodium pyrophosphate, 1 mM Na 3 VO 4 , 1 mM NaF, 1 μg/ml leupeptin, 1 g/ml aprotinin, 1 mM PMSF (Sigma).…”

In VitroInfection of Bovine Monocytes with Mycoplasma bovis Delays Apoptosis and Suppresses Production of Gamma Interferon and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha but Not Interleukin-10

“…Even with a liberal P value threshold, it is unlikely that several peptides from the same biological pathway will be erroneously identified as being differentially phosphorylated when that pathway is in fact not affected by the treatment under investigation; however, it increases the chances that peptides from pathways that actually are affected by the treatment will be identified as being differentially phosphorylated. We have recently reported an analysis of the impact of different P value thresholds on falsenegative probabilities (27). For peptides meeting the above-described two conditions, fold change (FC) values were calculated by using the formula 2 d , where d ϭ average treatment Ϫ average control , as previously described (26).…”

Antiviral Potential of ERK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Modulation for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection as Identified by Temporal Kinome Analysis

“…Josset and colleagues employed systems-level gene expression analysis of MERS-CoV infection in vitro and identified that IFN-␣5 and IFN-␤ were specifically upregulated by MERS-CoV infection (20). Surveys of the host response to infection through either genomic or proteomic technologies have previously been employed to characterize microbial pathogenesis and identify novel therapeutic targets (21)(22)(23)(24). The incorporation of systems-level analysis to such investigations provides a unique opportunity to identify specific host or pathogen responses that are modulated during the course of infection.…”