Divergent Induced Responses to an Invasive Predator in Marine Mussel Populations

Freeman, Aaren S.; Byers, James E.

doi:10.1126/science.1125485

Cited by 239 publications

(223 citation statements)

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“…Calculated mussel shell thickness index correlates well with measured shell thickness (Freeman and Byers 2006), in this study both indicate that in ocean acidification scenarios, mussel shells are thinner. However, the measurements compared to the index also indicate reduced aragonite thicknesses at lower and higher levels of p CO 2 (550 and 1000 μ atm p CO 2 , respectively).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…STI has been used to determine the response of the quagga mussel, Dreissena rostriformis bugensis , zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, and common blue mussel M. edulis to invasive predators (Freeman and Byers 2006; Naddafi and Rudstam 2014). Mytilus edulis produced a thicker shell with increasing STI in response to predator cues (Freeman and Byers 2006), similar to D. polymorpha, with less thickening of shells in D. rostriformis (Naddafi and Rudstam 2014). The thickening of shells as a protective phenomenon is well known, and it is likely to be influenced by the evolutionary history of ecological species interactions (Freeman and Byers 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mytilus edulis produced a thicker shell with increasing STI in response to predator cues (Freeman and Byers 2006), similar to D. polymorpha, with less thickening of shells in D. rostriformis (Naddafi and Rudstam 2014). The thickening of shells as a protective phenomenon is well known, and it is likely to be influenced by the evolutionary history of ecological species interactions (Freeman and Byers 2006). Changing environments as a result of climate change and, in particular, ocean acidification appears to reduce the STI of M. edulis shells therefore potentially reducing this protective phenomenon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dried mussel shells were used to determine shell thickness index (STI) using the methods of Freeman and Byers (2006). STI was determined for dried shells ( n = 4) for each treatment using the equation below:

STI = 1000^{*} dry shell weight / false[L^{*} {false(H^{2} + W^{2} false)}^{0.5} * italicπ false/ 2 false]

L = length, H = height, and W = width of dried mussel shell.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ocean acidification and temperature increase impact mussel shell shape and thickness: problematic for protection?

Fitzer

Vittert

Bowman

et al. 2015

Ecology and Evolution

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Ocean acidification threatens organisms that produce calcium carbonate shells by potentially generating an under‐saturated carbonate environment. Resultant reduced calcification and growth, and subsequent dissolution of exoskeletons, would raise concerns over the ability of the shell to provide protection for the marine organism under ocean acidification and increased temperatures. We examined the impact of combined ocean acidification and temperature increase on shell formation of the economically important edible mussel Mytilus edulis. Shell growth and thickness along with a shell thickness index and shape analysis were determined. The ability of M. edulis to produce a functional protective shell after 9 months of experimental culture under ocean acidification and increasing temperatures (380, 550, 750, 1000 μatm pCO 2, and 750, 1000 μatm pCO 2 + 2°C) was assessed. Mussel shells grown under ocean acidification conditions displayed significant reductions in shell aragonite thickness, shell thickness index, and changes to shell shape (750, 1000 μatm pCO 2) compared to those shells grown under ambient conditions (380 μatm pCO 2). Ocean acidification resulted in rounder, flatter mussel shells with thinner aragonite layers likely to be more vulnerable to fracture under changing environments and predation. The changes in shape presented here could present a compensatory mechanism to enhance protection against predators and changing environments under ocean acidification when mussels are unable to grow thicker shells. Here, we present the first assessment of mussel shell shape to determine implications for functional protection under ocean acidification.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

STI = 1000^{*} dry shell weight / false[L^{*} {false(H^{2} + W^{2} false)}^{0.5} * italicπ false/ 2 false]

L = length, H = height, and W = width of dried mussel shell.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ocean acidification and temperature increase impact mussel shell shape and thickness: problematic for protection?

Fitzer

Vittert

Bowman

et al. 2015

Ecology and Evolution

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“…However, previous studies were performed using populations of non-native species that had coexisted with established predator species for generations. The expression of anti-predator behaviors in naïve prey can occur within a few generations (Thompson 1998, Yoshida et al 2003, Freeman & Byers 2006, Nunes et al 2014, Berthon 2015, and thus it is highly possible the observed responses of non-native prey do not represent their responses during their initial introduction. It is likely that during this initial introduction, when the introduced population is small, is when biotic resistance from established predators has the greatest chance of preventing the establishment of the introduced species.…”

Section: Introduction: Responses Of Introduced Species To Lethal Biotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of Aquatic Non-Native Species to Novel Predator Cues and Increased Mortality

Turner¹

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Lethal biotic interactions strongly influence the potential for aquatic non-native species to establish and endure in habitats to which they are introduced. Predators in the recipient area, including native and previously established non-native predators, can prevent establishment, limit habitat use, and reduce abundance of non-native species.Management efforts by humans using methods designed to cause mass mortality (e.g., trapping, biocide applications) can reduce or eradicate non-native populations. However, the impacts of predator and human induced mortality may be mitigated by the behavior or population-level responses of a given non-native species.My dissertation examined the responses of non-native aquatic species to the risk of predation by novel (i.e., no previous exposure) predators in the recipient community Increases in recruitment rates can occur as a result of efforts to remove non-native species. This increase in recruitment can result in overcompensation, but more commonly results in compensation, where recruitment rates increase relative to pre-removal recruitment but does not result in in the population's abundance exceeding pre-removal iv levels. However, a detailed and accurate prediction of the response of a population to harvest is time consuming and data intensive. This is not feasible for most efforts to eradicate non-native species, which have the greatest chance of success when enacted rapidly after detection. For my final chapter, I performed a literature review and accompanying statistical analysis to determine if typically available information related to the removal effort (site size, site connectivity, and removal technique) could be used to determine increased risk of compensation for a given effort to remove aquatic invasive species. Compensation was closely linked to unsuccessful removal efforts and was observed only among efforts utilizing physical removal methods. However, the frequency with which compensation occurred varied with the exact technique employed, occurring most frequently in removal utilizing electrofishing. Additionally, evidence of compensation was more frequent among larger removal areas with variable connectivity.While other predictors (temperature, effort, etc) might add to the predicative power, the findings of the review provide criteria for managers to determine the relative risk of compensation prior to the start of removal.Further understanding of how invasive species respond to lethal biotic interactions, including anthropogenically mediated control measures, can aid in assessing the risk of invasion for a given species and inform managers of the risk of complications resulting from removal efforts. While inducible defenses may contribute to the long-term success of an introduced species in their recipient range, my findings did not support the idea that inducible defenses triggered by predator cues contributed to their initial introduction in this case. However, research on other non-native species and offspring of

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Ecology of bivalves

Gosling¹

2015

Marine Bivalve Molluscs

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Divergent Induced Responses to an Invasive Predator in Marine Mussel Populations

Cited by 239 publications

References 24 publications

Ocean acidification and temperature increase impact mussel shell shape and thickness: problematic for protection?

Ocean acidification and temperature increase impact mussel shell shape and thickness: problematic for protection?

Responses of Aquatic Non-Native Species to Novel Predator Cues and Increased Mortality

Ecology of bivalves

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