Divergent Outcomes of Direct Conspecific Pathogen Strain Interaction and Plant Co-Infection Suggest Consequences for Disease Dynamics

In an era marked by rapid global changes, the reinforcement and modernization of plant health surveillance systems have become imperative. Sixty-five scientists present here a research agenda for an enhanced and modernized plant health surveillance to anticipate and mitigate disease and pest emergence. Our approach integrates a wide range of scientific fields (from life, social, physical and engineering sciences) and identifies the key knowledge gaps, focusing on anticipation, risk assessment, early detection, and multi-actor collaboration. The research directions we propose are organized around four complementary thematic axes. The first axis is the anticipation of pest emergence, encompassing innovative forecasting, adaptive potential, and the effects of climatic and cropping system changes. The second axis addresses the use of versatile broad-spectrum surveillance tools, including molecular or imaging diagnostics supported by artificial intelligence, and monitoring generic matrices such as air and water. The third axis focuses on surveillance of known pests from new perspectives, i.e., using novel approaches to detect known species but also anticipating and detecting, within a species, the populations or genotypes that pose a higher risk. The fourth axis advocates the management of plant health as a commons through the establishment of multi-actor and cooperative surveillance systems for long-term data-driven alert systems and information dissemination. We stress the importance of integrating data and information from multiple sources through open science databases and metadata, alongside developing methods for interpolating and extrapolating incomplete data. Finally, we advocate an Integrated Health Surveillance approach in the One Health context, favoring tailored and versatile solutions to plant health problems and recognizing the interconnected risks to the health of plants, humans, animals and the environment, including food insecurity, pesticide residues, environmental pollution and alterations of ecosystem services.

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Revisiting the role of pathogen diversity and microbial interactions in honeybee susceptibility and treatment of Melissococcus plutonius infection

Mallory,

Freeze,

Daisley

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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European Foulbrood (EFB) is a severe bacterial disease affecting honeybees, primarily caused by the Gram-positive bacterium Melissococcus plutonius. Although the presence of M. plutonius is associated with EFB, it does not consistently predict the manifestation of symptoms, and the role of ‘secondary invaders’ in the disease’s development remains a subject of ongoing debate. This review provides an updated synthesis of the microbial ecological factors that influence the expression of EFB symptoms, which have often been overlooked in previous research. In addition, this review examines the potential negative health consequences of prolonged antibiotic use in bee colonies for treating EFB, and proposes innovative and sustainable alternatives. These include the development of probiotics and targeted microbiota management techniques, aiming to enhance the overall resilience of bee populations to this debilitating disease.

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Divergent Outcomes of Direct Conspecific Pathogen Strain Interaction and Plant Co-Infection Suggest Consequences for Disease Dynamics

Abstract: Plants are often attacked by a multitude of pathogens simultaneously, and different species can facilitate or constrain the colonization by others. To what extent simultaneous colonization by different strains of the same species matters, remains unclear.

Cited by 4 publications

References 63 publications

Double infection of Nicotiana benthamiana with AMV and WCMV increases both virus concentrations and synergistically changes both host organelle ultrastructure and chlorophyll content

Double infection of Nicotiana benthamiana with AMV and WCMV increases both virus concentrations and synergistically changes both host organelle ultrastructure and chlorophyll content

Building integrated plant health surveillance: a proactive research agenda for anticipating and mitigating disease and pest emergence

Revisiting the role of pathogen diversity and microbial interactions in honeybee susceptibility and treatment of Melissococcus plutonius infection

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