Divergent Pathways on the Road to Sustainability: A Multilevel Model of the Effects of Geopolitical Power on the Relationship between Economic Growth and Environmental Quality

Greiner, Patrick Trent; McGee, Julius Alexander

doi:10.1177/2378023117749381

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(134 reference statements)

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“…The military expenditures negatively correlated to the carbon emissions, verify the cleaner emissions hypothesis in a country. The continued economic growth is the critical factor causing more arms imports and increasing armed forces personnel [57,58]. Further, along with an increase in the country's economic growth, there is an increase in carbon emissions, arms imports, and armed forces personnel while a decrease in military expenditures during the stated period.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Security Challenges and Air Quality Management in India: Emissions Inventory and Forecasting Estimates

et al. 2021

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The defense and peace literature have focused mainly on the military-growth nexus, with little attention paid to the environmental sustainability agenda, which is impacted by increased global arms transfers. The supply of lead-containing ammunition generates complex gas mixtures (including CO2 emissions) and particulates that harm the healthcare sustainability agenda. Based on the significance of the subject matter, the study uses the Indian economy as a case study, with a significant rate of arms transfers associated with higher carbon emissions. The study analyzed data from more than four decades, from 1975 to 2020. Data on arms imports, military personnel, and military expenditures are used to evaluate the ‘ammunition emissions function’. It corresponds to the three research hypotheses, namely, the ‘emissions-defense burden hypothesis’ (arms transfers increase carbon emissions), the ‘emissions-cleaner hypothesis’ (arms transfers reduce carbon emissions), and the ‘emissions-asymmetric hypothesis’ (positive and negative shocks of arms transfers either support the ‘defense burden hypothesis’ or ‘cleaner hypothesis’). The non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) results confirmed the ’emissions-defense burden hypothesis‘ in the long run, as positive and negative shocks from arms imports increase carbon emissions. However, in the short run, positive arms imports increase carbon emissions while negative arms imports decrease carbon emissions. Furthermore, the findings supported the ’emissions-cleaner hypothesis‘ in the relationship between armed forces personnel and carbon emissions. The findings imply that the positive and negative shocks experienced by armed forces personnel reduce carbon emissions in the short and long run. Positive shocks to military spending support the ’emissions-defense burden hypothesis‘ in the short run; however, the results vanished when negative shocks to military spending supported the ’emissions-spillover hypothesis‘ (lowering military spending reduces carbon emissions and increases economic productivity) in the short and long run. The country’s unsustainable economic activities are viewed as a negative factor contributing to long-term carbon emissions increases. The negative shocks of armed forces personnel and positive arms imports would almost certainly have a significant long-term impact on carbon emissions. As a result, the ‘treadmill theory of destruction’ has been confirmed in a country. The study concludes that lead-free ammunition and managing ammunition safety are beneficial to a country’s environmental sustainability agenda.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Security Challenges and Air Quality Management in India: Emissions Inventory and Forecasting Estimates

et al. 2021

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“…Recent work has demonstrated the importance of affluence to the ability of populations to mitigate emissions at the county and zip code levels in the United States (Clement, Pattison, and Habans 2017;Pattison, Habans, and Clement 2014). The findings of these works demonstrate that, as is true at the international scale (Greiner and McGee 2018;Jorgenson and Clark 2012), while there is an attenuating ("inverted U") association between rising affluence and pollution when exploring production-based emissions, affluence tends to drive consumption-based emissions more or less continuously. note that these results suggest that a spatial displacement of environmentally intensive processes is occurring.…”

Section: Literature Review: Household Income Ciwb and Industrial Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Thus, utilizing a hierarchical linear modeling approach allows for control of the political climate, state-based regulations, and difficult-to-measure geographic factors. Finally, we note that hierarchal linear modeling “shrinks” or weights estimates from groups with few individuals in toward the global estimate, ultimately reducing potential bias introduced from unique groups on final estimates (Evans et al 2018; Greiner and McGee 2018; Xu 2014). 3 Such weighting is not inconsequential, as there is a rather wide variation in the number of counties within states.…”

Section: Analytic Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Urbanization Good for the Climate? A Cross-County Analysis of Impervious Surface, Affluence, and the Carbon Intensity of Well-Being

Greiner

Shtob

Besek

2020

Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World

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We contribute to literature exploring the socioecological impact of urban development as a multidimensional project, one in which changes to landscape features complement changes in demographic and administrative measures to co-constitute the socioecological impact of urbanity. We use a random coefficients modeling approach to examine U.S. relationships between the intensity of impervious surface within a county, population density in impervious areas, and carbon intensity of well-being (CIWB)—here constructed using industrial emissions. We then explore the moderating association that another component of social settlement patterns, household median income, has on the impervious surface–population density–CIWB nexus. Findings suggest that landscapes featuring greater development of impervious surface are associated with increased CIWB. Further exploration indicates that income acts to attenuate the association of urban space and CIWB. Ultimately, we argue that such attenuation indicates that more affluent areas are able to shift production-based processes associated with urban forms to less affluent areas.

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“…In terms of benefits and costs along global supply chains, the current structure of those chains tends to reify international inequalities in the world system (Chase‐Dunn & Grimes, ). Larger shares of value added, in comparison to shares of pollution, are generally prompted within more‐developed countries, while less‐developed countries experience more environmental destruction and associated health impacts per unit of value added for their contribution to global supply chains (Burns, Davis, & Kick, ; Greiner & McGee, ; Prell et al, ; Prell & Feng, ). While China, as of this writing, is experiencing the greatest negative effects, other nations and regions play similar roles.…”

Section: Drivers and Their Interactions Over Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Social science perspectives on drivers of and responses to global climate change

Jorgenson

Fiske

Hubacek

et al. 2018

WIREs Climate Change

123

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This article provides a review of recent anthropological, archeological, geographical, and sociological research on anthropogenic drivers of climate change, with a particular focus on drivers of carbon emissions, mitigation and adaptation. The four disciplines emphasize cultural, economic, geographic, historical, political, and social‐structural factors to be important drivers of and responses to climate change. Each of these disciplines has unique perspectives and makes noteworthy contributions to our shared understanding of anthropogenic drivers, but they also complement one another and contribute to integrated, multidisciplinary frameworks. The article begins with discussions of research on temporal dimensions of human drivers of carbon emissions, highlighting interactions between long‐term and near‐term drivers. Next, descriptions of the disciplines' contributions to the understanding of mitigation and adaptation are provided. It concludes with a summary of key lessons offered by the four disciplines as well as suggestions for future research.This article is categorized under: Climate Economics > Economics and Climate Change

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Divergent Pathways on the Road to Sustainability: A Multilevel Model of the Effects of Geopolitical Power on the Relationship between Economic Growth and Environmental Quality

Cited by 11 publications

References 62 publications

Security Challenges and Air Quality Management in India: Emissions Inventory and Forecasting Estimates

Security Challenges and Air Quality Management in India: Emissions Inventory and Forecasting Estimates

Is Urbanization Good for the Climate? A Cross-County Analysis of Impervious Surface, Affluence, and the Carbon Intensity of Well-Being

Social science perspectives on drivers of and responses to global climate change

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