Divergent Regulation of Hypothalamic Neuropeptide Y and Agouti‐Related Protein by Photoperiod in F344 rats With Differential Food Intake and Growth

Ross, Alexander; Johnson, Clarence Dan; Bell, Lynn; Reilly, Laura; Duncan, J.L.; Barrett, Perry; Heideman, Paul D.; Morgan, Peter J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2009.01878.x

Cited by 57 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The levels of IGF-1 are connected with the function of the hypothalamus and IGF-1 may be locally produced in the accurate nucleus. The injection of leptin [64] and the inhibition of NpY [65] are associated with increase of IGF-1 production. In the studied FM patients, the levels of IGF-1 and leptin showed correlation to the CSF levels of NpY indicating a potential connection between disturbances in NpY regulation and low levels of IGF-1 in FM.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking is Associated with Reduced Leptin and Neuropeptide Y Levels and Higher Pain Experience in Patients with Fibromyalgia

Bokarewa

Erlandsson

Bjersing

et al. 2014

Mediators of Inflammation

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Smoking deregulates neuroendocrine responses to pain supporting production of neuropeptide Y (NpY) by direct stimulation of nicotinic receptors or by inhibiting adipokine leptin. Present study addressed the effect of cigarette smoking on adipokines and pain parameters, in 62 women with fibromyalgia (FM) pain syndrome with unknown etiology. Pain was characterized by a visual analogue scale, tender point (TP) counts, pressure pain threshold, and neuroendocrine markers NpY and substance P (sP). Levels of IGF-1, leptin, resistin, visfatin, and adiponectin were measured in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Current smokers (n = 18) had lower levels of leptin compared to ex-smokers (n = 25, P = 0.002), while the expected NpY increase was absent in FM patients. In smokers, this was transcribed in higher VAS-pain (P = 0.04) and TP count (P = 0.03), lower pain threshold (P = 0.01), since NpY levels were directly related to the pain threshold (rho = 0.414) and inversely related to TP counts (rho = −0.375). This study shows that patients with FM have no increase of NpY levels in response to smoking despite the low levels of leptin. Deregulation of the balance between leptin and neuropeptide Y may be one of the essential mechanisms of chronic pain in FM.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking is Associated with Reduced Leptin and Neuropeptide Y Levels and Higher Pain Experience in Patients with Fibromyalgia

Bokarewa

Erlandsson

Bjersing

et al. 2014

Mediators of Inflammation

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“…Riboprobes complementary to fragments of the required DNA sequences were generated from Siberian hamster, mouse or rat brain cDNAs by RT-PCR as described previously ([2], [4], [21], [25], [34]–[38] and Table S1). Templates for riboprobe synthesis were generated by PCR amplification of the insert from plasmid DNA with M13 forward and reverse primers which span both insert and polymerase transcription binding and initiation sites in the host vectors.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Exercise on Photoperiod-Regulated Hypothalamic Gene Expression and Peripheral Hormones in the Seasonal Dwarf Hamster Phodopus sungorus

et al. 2014

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The Siberian hamster (Phodopus sungorus) is a seasonal mammal responding to the annual cycle in photoperiod with anticipatory physiological adaptations. This includes a reduction in food intake and body weight during the autumn in anticipation of seasonally reduced food availability. In the laboratory, short-day induction of body weight loss can be reversed or prevented by voluntary exercise undertaken when a running wheel is introduced into the home cage. The mechanism by which exercise prevents or reverses body weight reduction is unknown, but one hypothesis is a reversal of short-day photoperiod induced gene expression changes in the hypothalamus that underpin body weight regulation. Alternatively, we postulate an exercise-related anabolic effect involving the growth hormone axis. To test these hypotheses we established photoperiod-running wheel experiments of 8 to 16 weeks duration assessing body weight, food intake, organ mass, lean and fat mass by magnetic resonance, circulating hormones FGF21 and insulin and hypothalamic gene expression. In response to running wheel activity, short-day housed hamsters increased body weight. Compared to short-day housed sedentary hamsters the body weight increase was accompanied by higher food intake, maintenance of tissue mass of key organs such as the liver, maintenance of lean and fat mass and hormonal profiles indicative of long day housed hamsters but there was no overall reversal of hypothalamic gene expression regulated by photoperiod. Therefore the mechanism by which activity induces body weight gain is likely to act largely independently of photoperiod regulated gene expression in the hypothalamus.

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“…Messenger RNA levels of Cyp26B1 were detected by in situ hybridization with coronal rat brain sections, sense, and antisense riboprobes corresponding to 2354–3285 bp of mouse Cyp26b1 (GeneBank accession number NM_181087) and following techniques as previously described in detail (Ross et al,2009). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterning of retinoic acid signaling and cell proliferation in the hippocampus

et al. 2012

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The nuclear receptor ligand retinoic acid (RA) has been identified as an endogenous regulatory factor in the hippocampus, acting on pyramidal neurons and granule neuron progenitors, but almost nothing is known about the distribution of RA itself in the hippocampus. This study describes the source of RA for the rodent hippocampus in the meninges via the key RA synthetic enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2). Diffusion of RA from the meninges potentially creates a gradient of RA across the infrapyramidal and suprapyramidal blades of the dentate gyrus, enhanced by the expression of the RA catabolic enzyme Cyp26B1 between the blades, and an infrapyramidal and suprapyramidal blade difference is evident in RA-regulated transcription. This asymmetry may contribute to some of the physiological and molecular differences between the blades, including a disparity in the rates of cell proliferation in the subgranular zone of the two blades through RA inhibition of cell proliferation. Such differences can be altered by either the application of excess RA, its effect dependent on the relative position along the septotemporal axis, or change in RA signaling through mutation of retinol binding protein, while the capacity of RA to inhibit proliferation of cells in the dentate gyrus is demonstrated using in vitro slice culture. Use of synthetic and catabolic enzymes in the hippocampus to create differing zones of RA concentration parallels the mechanisms used in the developing brain to generate patterns of RA-regulated transcription. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Divergent Regulation of Hypothalamic Neuropeptide Y and Agouti‐Related Protein by Photoperiod in F344 rats With Differential Food Intake and Growth

Cited by 57 publications

References 55 publications

Smoking is Associated with Reduced Leptin and Neuropeptide Y Levels and Higher Pain Experience in Patients with Fibromyalgia

Smoking is Associated with Reduced Leptin and Neuropeptide Y Levels and Higher Pain Experience in Patients with Fibromyalgia

Effect of Exercise on Photoperiod-Regulated Hypothalamic Gene Expression and Peripheral Hormones in the Seasonal Dwarf Hamster Phodopus sungorus

Patterning of retinoic acid signaling and cell proliferation in the hippocampus

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