Diverse and abundant arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in ecological floating beds used to treat eutrophic water

Abstract

An increasing number of investigations have demonstrated the universal existence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in aquatic ecosystems. However, little is known about the accurate distribution and functions of AMF inhabiting aquatic ecosystems, especially ecological oating bed (EFB) which was constructed for the remediation of polluted waterbodies.In this study, we collected root samples of Canna generalis, Cyperus alternifolius and Eichhornia crassipes from three EFBs oating on two eutrophic lakes in Wuhan, China, to investigate the resources and distribution of AMF in EFBs using Illumina Mi-seq technology. A total of 229 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 21 taxon from 348,799 Glomeromycota sequences were detected. Glomus was the most dominant AMF in the three EFBs while the second dominant AMF was related to Acaulospora. Different aquatic plant species exhibited varying degrees of AMF colonization (3.83%~71%), diversity (6~103 OTUs, 3~15 virtual taxa) and abundance (14~57551 sequences). Low AMF abundance but relatively high AMF diversity were found in C. alternifolius which is usually considered as nonmycorrhizal, demonstrating the high accuracy of Illumina sequencing. In addition, results from this study suggested a lognormal species abundance distribution was observed across AMF taxa in the three plant species, and the AMF community composition was closely related to pH, nitrogen and phosphorus.Overall, our data demonstrated that diverse and abundant AMF communities were living in EFBs, and the AMF community composition was closely related to the water quality of eutrophic lakes treated by EFBs, providing potential possibility for the applications of AMF in plant-based bioremediation of wastewater.

Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Distinct Ecosystems of the North Caucasus, a Temperate Biodiversity Hotspot

“…Universal primers are, perhaps, less suitable for sequencing these two species. Other authors reported that these species may be absent [24,25] or rarely occur in the sequencing results, even if they are identified by morphological methods [11,19,23], or not all species of Gigaspora and Funneliformis genera are found [18,22,29]. Thus, we can assume that the application of universal primers (for ITS1 and ITS2 regions) makes assessing AMF biodiversity possible.…”

“…Therefore, high-throughput sequencing platforms can produce longer reads. Before 2020, mainly pyrosequencing (454-Roche) was employed [18,[20][21][22]; now, Illumina MiSeq prevails in fungal metabarcoding studies [19,[23][24][25]. Another promising platform is PacBio, which can obtain a sequence of 2.5 kb of rDNA in one read [26].…”

Richness of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in a Brazilian Tropical Shallow Lake: Assessing an Unexpected Assembly in the Aquatic-Terrestrial Gradient

“…They reported 27 species in the Brazilian river-floodplain. In contrast, environmental DNA sequencing in different aquatic habitats has shown high numbers of phylotypes and OTUs belonging to Glomeromycota [22,109,118,119], demonstrating the potential of these little-explored ecosystems to harbor AMF.…”

Sustainable Remediation of Soil and Water Utilizing Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: A Review

“…Earlier research has demonstrated that there is a high presence of AMF in ecological floating beds (EFBs) that are perpetually flooded despite the absence of any external introduction of these fungi [60]. This indicates that using AMF in water treatment systems that rely on plant-based processes could be highly beneficial.…”