Diverse coagulopathies in a rabbit model with different abdominal injuries

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Although coagulopathy can be very common in severe traumatic shock patients, the exact incidence and mechanism remain unclear. In this study, a traumatic shock rabbit model with special abdomen injuries was developed and evaluated by examining indicators of clotting and fi brinolysis. METHODS:Forty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: group 1 (sham), group 2 (hemorrhage), group 3 (hemorrhage-liver injury), and group 4 (hemorrhage-liver injury/intestinal injury-peritonitis). Coagulation was detected by thromboelastography before trauma (T 0 ), at 1 hour (T 1 ) and 4 hours (T 2 ) after trauma. RESULTS:Rabbits that suffered from hemorrhage alone did not differ in coagulation capacity compared with the sham group. The clot initiations (R times) of group 3 at T 1 and T 2 were both shorter than those of groups 1, 2, and 4 (P<0.05). In group 4, clot strength was decreased at T 1 and T 2 compared with those in groups 1, 2, and 3 (P<0.05), whereas the R time and clot polymerization were increased at T 2 (P<0.05). The clotting angle signifi cantly decreased in group 4 compared with groups 2 and 3 at T 2 (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: This study suggests that different abdominal traumatic shock show diverse coagulopathy in the early phase. Isolated hemorrhagic shock shows no obvious effect on coagulation. In contrast, blunt hepatic injury with hemorrhage shows hypercoagulability, whereas blunt hepatic injury with hemorrhage coupled with peritonitis caused by a ruptured intestine shows a tendency toward hypocoagulability.

The impact of septic stimuli on the systemic inflammatory response and physiologic insult in a preclinical non-human primate model of polytraumatic injury

“…This hemorrhage was associated with a relative thrombocytopenia, but not with other predisposing factors such as a significantly lower pH or temperature. Though we did not measure coagulation parameters in this study, we suspect that the thrombocytopenia and larger hemorrhage in the PHM was secondary to a sepsis induced coagulopathy [ 20 , 22 – 31 ] with immune mediated endothelial activation and induction of coagulation cascade [ 23 , 25 , 26 , 32 , 33 ]. The coagulopathy of sepsis has been studied in detail, and specifically demonstrated in two prior NHP models [ 30 , 34 ].…”

“…Similar findings were also seen in a NHP peritonitis model in which the septic stimuli resulted in a significant inflammatory response and drop of both fibrinogen and platelets within 2 h of initial laparotomy [ 30 ]. Recently, a traumatic shock rabbit model demonstrated that while hepatic injury and hemorrhage alone induce hypercoagulable findings on thromboelastography, the addition of bowel injury to the hepatic injury pattern induced a hypocoagulable state [ 31 ]. In keeping with the reported literature, the increased hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia, and mortality associated with the septic insult in the PHM compared to THM reinforces the interconnected and interdependent immune, reticuloendothelial, and hemostatic systems, particularly in the setting of polytrauma.…”

H12‐(ADP)‐liposomes for hemorrhagic shock in thrombocytopenia: Mesenteric artery injury model in rabbits

“…18 H12-(ADP)-liposomes may help hemostasis as an alternative to platelets in prehospital or urgent situations. 14,19 Despite several trials, [20][21][22] an appropriate animal model of abdominal vascular injury complicated with severe acidosis and coagulopathy has not been provided. Therefore, we established a model of hemorrhagic shock with coagulopathy by vessel injury, based on our previous study.…”

Effect of Hemodilution <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> on the Hemostatic System

“…Если в клинической практике существуют разработанные алгоритмы и схемы лечения, то в экспериментальной хирургии таких стандартов нет, объем инфузионной поддержки определяется эмпирически и зависит от вида экспериментального животного, выбранной инфузионной среды или соотношения сред и моделируемой патологической ситуации [11,12]. В литературе имеются противоречивые данные: описано нарушение свертывания крови у животных уже при 7-50% гемодилюции кристаллоидами и 5-10% -коллоидами [13,14] использовали пакеты "ggplot2", "ggpubr", "rstatix", "gridExtra", "cowplot", "ade4", "vegan", "ellipse".…”