“…Phenolic molecules can form inclusion or noninclusion complexes or intermolecular aggregates with starch molecules through hydrophobic interaction (Chou et al., 2020; Zhao, Sun, et al., 2019), hydrogen bonds (Wang, Wang, et al., 2021; Wang et al., 2018), CH–π bonds (Wang et al., 2021b), and/or van der Waals forces (Amoako & Awika, 2019). Phenolic compounds (ligand molecules) can be bound in the cavity of the helix (Sudlapa & Suwannaporn, 2023), between helices in the crystallization regions (Guo et al., 2019), or in the amorphous regions (Zhang et al., 2020; Zhao, Wang, et al., 2019), as shown in Figure 1.…”