Diverse functions of long noncoding RNAs in acute myeloid leukemia: emerging roles in pathophysiology, prognosis, and treatment resistance

Abstract

Purpose of reviewAdvancements in the next-generation sequencing technologies have identified rare transcripts of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the genome of cancers, including in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The purpose of this review is to highlight the contribution of lncRNAs in AML pathogenesis, prognosis, and chemoresistance. Recent findingsSeveral studies have recently reported that deregulated lncRNAs are novel key players in the development of AML and are associated with AML pathophysiology and may serve as prognostic indicators. A few aberrantly expressed lncRNAs that correlated with the recurrent genetic mutations in AML such as NPM1 and RUNX1 have recently been characterized. Moreover, a few lncRNAs in MLL-rearranged leukemia have been described. Additionally, the involvement of lncRNAs in AML chemoresistance has been postulated.

Computational analysis of heat shock proteins and ferroptosis-associated lncRNAs to predict prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia patients

“…Although studies in recent decades have improved our understanding of AML, the underlying pathogenesis of this lethal disease has not yet been fully elucidated. With the development of NGS technologies, more and more AML-related mechanisms have emerged, including the eventual contribution of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) (Mer et al, 2018;Liu et al, 2019;Mishra et al, 2022). In fact, several studies have established lncRNA-based prognostic models for clinical characterization in AML patients (Zhao et al, 2021;Ding et al, 2022;Zhang et al, 2022).…”

The tip of the iceberg—The roles of long noncoding RNAs in acute myeloid leukemia

“…Conversely, many lncRNAs have been identified as tumor suppressors which regulate key apoptotic pathways, highlighting the varied roles of these genetic molecules (Guzel et al, 2020 ; Pang et al, 2019 ). While the molecular mechanisms of action for greater than 95% of lncRNAs are not clear to date, an increasing number of studies are identifying lncRNAs that have critical roles in cancer, including AML (Mishra et al, 2022 ). Over the last 3 years, other reviews have discussed the role of noncoding RNAs in hematological malignancies, however, they have focused on other noncoding RNA species such as microRNAs and circRNAs or have looked at lncRNAs in a pediatric setting (Bhattacharya & Gutti, 2022 ; Y. Liu et al, 2019 ; Neyazi et al, 2022 ).…”

YY1 Knockdown Relieves the Differentiation Block and Restores Apoptosis in AML Cells

“…De novo AML is characterized by recurrent cytogenetic alterations, such as chromosomal translocations [1], somatic mutations [2], and epigenetic alterations [3]. Epigenetic drivers of de novo AML include changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and post-transcriptional regulation of mRNAs by noncoding RNAs [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. The relevance of epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of AML is so well established that they have become targets for therapy [14,15].…”