Diverse mixing states of amine-containing single particles in Nanjing, China

Zhong, Q. E.; Cheng, Chunlei; Wang, Z.; Ling, Li; Li, M.; Li, M.; Ge, Dafeng; Wang, L.; Wang, L.; Li, Y.; Nie, Wei; Chi, Xuguang; Ding, Aijun; Yang, Suxia; Chen, D.; Zhou, Zhen

doi:10.5194/acp-21-17953-2021

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…In particular, the influence of coal combustion associated with heating and industrial production is an important feature that distinguishes the difference of amine sources between the YRD and PRD areas and the northern areas. It should be pointed out that the above analysis identified the origins of potential contributors (i.e., gas‐phase amines) to the formation of particle‐phase amine salts, as suggested by many previous studies (Berta et al., 2023; Cheng et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2020; Zhong et al., 2021; Zhou et al., 2019). Recently, a study about the contributions of anthropogenic sources to amines in PM 2.5 suggested that the formation of particle‐phase amine salts (e.g., MA and DMA) was closely associated with the origins of gas‐phase amines (C. Liu et al., 2022).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

Characteristics, Origins, and Atmospheric Processes of Amines in Fine Aerosol Particles in Winter in China

Sun

Xiao

et al. 2023

JGR Atmospheres

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Amines affect particle formation, aerosol acidity, nitrogen cycle, and climate change. However, little is known about the temporal and spatial differences in the composition, source, and formation process of amines in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in different regions of China. Seven amines (amine salts) were investigated in PM2.5 collected in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD, Shanghai and Nanjing), Pearl River Delta (PRD, Guangzhou), northern China (Xi'an and Haerbin), and background (Puding) areas in winter 2017–2018. Methylamine was the dominant amine species at the YRD, northern China, and background sites, while diethylamine dominated at the PRD site; moreover, the mass concentration and fraction of diethylamine were the lowest at the background site. These results could be attributed to changes in sources and atmospheric processes. Further, coal combustion and biomass burning were found to be important contributors of amines in northern cities in winter. The contribution of biomass and coal combustion to amines was weakened in other urban sites. In contrast, the amine abundance at the background site was largely controlled by biogenic sources. Acid‐base chemistry and displacement mechanism were tightly associated with the formation of amine salts at all sites. In particular, the atmospheric degradation of amines by hydroxyl radical (•OH) was significant at the Nanjing, Guangzhou, Xi'an, and Haerbin sites. The insignificant photochemical degradation of amines at the Shanghai and background sites can be explained by differentiated amine sources, meteorological conditions, and •OH levels. Overall, our findings deepen the understanding of the origins and atmospheric processes of amines.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

Characteristics, Origins, and Atmospheric Processes of Amines in Fine Aerosol Particles in Winter in China

Sun

Xiao

et al. 2023

JGR Atmospheres

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“…The number fraction of particles containing a specific ion in total particles was obtained through a conventional ion search procedure with COCO v1.4 software. The particle size detected by SPAMS was not scaled by a scanning mobility particle sizer for potential deviations caused by size-dependent particle transmission of the aerodynamic lens employed in SPAMS; − nevertheless, it still captured the underlying trend of particle size evolution. ,, …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relaxation of Spring Festival Firework Regulations Leads to a Deterioration in Air Quality

Huang,

Ge,

Yang

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The relaxation of restrictions on Chinese Spring Festival (SF) firework displays in certain regions has raised concerns due to intensive emissions exacerbating air quality deterioration. To evaluate the impacts of fireworks on air quality, a comparative investigation was conducted in a city between 2022 (restricted fireworks) and 2023 SF (unrestricted), utilizing high time-resolution field observations of particle chemical components and air quality model simulations. We observed two severe PM 2.5 pollution episodes primarily triggered by firework emissions and exacerbated by static meteorology (contributing approximately 30%) during 2023 SF, contrasting with its absence in 2022. During firework displays, freshly emitted particles containing more primary inorganics (such as chloride and metals like Al, Mg, and Ba), elemental carbon, and organic compounds (including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) were predominant; subsequently, aged particles with more secondary components became prevalent and continued to worsen air quality. The primary emissions from fireworks constituted 54% of the observed high PM 2.5 during the displays, contributing a peak hourly PM 2.5 concentration of 188 μg/m 3 and representing over 70% of the ambient PM 2.5 . This study underscores that caution should be exercised when igniting substantial fireworks under stable meteorological conditions, considering both the primary and potential secondary effects.

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“…This study investigates the importance of direct SO 2 reactions in sulfate aerosol formation in the absence of •OH radicals. Long-term measurements have continually revealed the presence of abundant ammonia and amines in ambient air, including in the marine environment [31,32], and their role has mainly been limited to stabilizing sulfate clusters. Herein, we have investigated sulfate formation from SO 2 oxidation assisted by MEA using density functional theory calculations and kinetic modeling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Sulfate Formation from Gas-Phase SO2 Oxidation in Non–•OH–Radical Environments

Lv,

Lily,

Tasheh

et al. 2024

Atmosphere

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Recent research on atmospheric particle formation has shown substantial discrepancies between observed and modeled atmospheric sulfate levels. This is because models mostly consider sulfate originating from SO2 oxidation by •OH radicals in mechanisms catalyzed by solar radiation while ignoring other pathways of non-radical SO2 oxidation that would substantially alter atmospheric sulfate levels. Herein, we use high-level quantum chemical calculations based on density functional theory and coupled cluster theory to show that monoethanolamine (MEA), a typical alkanolamine pollutant released from CO2 capture technology, can facilitate the conversion of atmospheric SO2 to sulfate in a non–•OH–radical oxidation mechanism. The initial process is the MEA-induced SO2 hydrolysis leading to the formation of HOSO2−•MEAH+. The latter entity is thereafter oxidized by ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to form HSO4−•MEAH+, which is an identified stabilizing entity in sulfate-based aerosol formation. Results show that the HOSO2−•MEAH+ reaction with O3 is kinetically and thermodynamically more feasible than the reaction with NO2. The presence of an additional water molecule further promotes the HOSO2−•MEAH+ reaction with O3, which occurs in a barrierless process, while it instead favors HONO formation in the reaction with NO2. The investigated pathway highlights the potential role alkanolamines may play in SO2 oxidation to sulfate, especially under conditions that are not favorable for •OH production, thereby providing an alternative sulfate source for aerosol modeling. The studied mechanism is not only relevant to sulfate formation and may effectively compete with reactions with sulfur dioxide and hydroxyl radicals under heavily polluted and highly humid conditions such as haze events, but also an important pathway in MEA removal processes.

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Diverse mixing states of amine-containing single particles in Nanjing, China

Cited by 11 publications

References 71 publications

Characteristics, Origins, and Atmospheric Processes of Amines in Fine Aerosol Particles in Winter in China

Characteristics, Origins, and Atmospheric Processes of Amines in Fine Aerosol Particles in Winter in China

Relaxation of Spring Festival Firework Regulations Leads to a Deterioration in Air Quality

Enhanced Sulfate Formation from Gas-Phase SO2 Oxidation in Non–•OH–Radical Environments

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