Diverse Morphologies of Soft Palate in Normal Individuals: A Cephalometric Perspective

Guttal, Kruthika S; Breh, Rohit; Bhat, Ramaprakasha; Burde, Krishna; Naikmasur, Venkatesh G; Kailasam, S

doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10011-1252

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The overall mean Need's ratio of 0.78 was reported in the present study, which was higher in females than in males. The results were in accordance with those of Guttal et al 13 but contradictory to the results of Subtelny, 5 Hoopes et al, 21 and Simpson and Colton. 10 According to Subtelny, 5 a Need's ratio greater than 0.70 demonstrates the risk of VPI, while a lesser value may cause nasality of speech.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…3 This type was previously described as classic velar morphology in the literature. 13 Type 6 velar morphology was seen in only 3.0% cases and was not found in groups 2 and 6.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“… 16 The type 5 (S-shaped) soft palate was seen in 4.7% of the cases in the present study, while it was observed in 3.5% of the cases in the study of You et al 1 and in 1.5% of the cases in Guttal et al's studies. 13 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation of morphological variants of the soft palate and Need's ratio in normal individuals: A digital cephalometric study

Verma¹,

Verma²,

Kumaraswam

et al. 2014

Imaging Sci Dent

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PurposeThe present study was aimed to investigate the variation of soft palate morphology in different age and gender groups. The correlations of radiographic velar length (VL), velar width (VW), pharyngeal depth (PD), and Need's ratio with soft palate variants were also studied in the North Indian subpopulation.Materials and MethodsThe study sample consisted of 300 subjects aged between 15 and 45 (mean: 31.32) years. The velar morphology on lateral cephalograms was examined and grouped into six types. The results obtained were subjected to a statistical analysis to find the correlation between variants of the soft palate with gender and different age groups.ResultsThe most frequent type of soft palate was leaf shaped (48.7%), and the least common was crook shaped (3.0%) among both the genders and various age groups, showing a significant correlation. The mean VL, VW, and PD values were significantly higher in males and significantly correlated with the types of soft palate. A significant correlation was observed between the mean VL, VW, PD, and Need's ratio with various age groups, showing an inconsistent pattern with an increase in age. The types of soft palate, gender, and Need's ratio were also significantly correlated, with an overall higher mean value of the Need's ratio among female subjects and the S-shaped soft palate.ConclusionThe knowledge of a varied spectrum of velar morphology and the variants of the soft palate help in a better understanding of the velopharyngeal closure and craniofacial anomalies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…3 This type was previously described as classic velar morphology in the literature. 13 Type 6 velar morphology was seen in only 3.0% cases and was not found in groups 2 and 6.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

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Correlation of morphological variants of the soft palate and Need's ratio in normal individuals: A digital cephalometric study

Verma¹,

Verma²,

Kumaraswam

et al. 2014

Imaging Sci Dent

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“…The type 5 (S-shaped) soft palate was seen in 5.4% of the cases in the present study, while it was observed in 3.5% of the cases in the study of You et al and in 1.5% of the cases in Guttal et al studies. 16 Kollias and Krogstad found that there is not statistically significant difference between the males and females in their length and thickness of the soft palate which is in concordance with our study. Praveen et al has also drawn the same results in their study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This is in concordance with various studies. 1,[14][15][16] Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by the recurrent occlusion of the upper airways resulting due to the inspiratory collapse of pharyngeal walls during sleep. Pepin et al found that a "hooked" morphology of the velum, which was described as "S-shaped" in our study, indicating high risk for obstructive sleep apnea in the awake patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological varieties of soft palate in normal subjects: a digital cephalometric study

2016

IJDA

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Background: The literature describes the morphology of the soft palate as being of only one kind and ignores its diversity, but in clinical work the morphology of the soft palate has a variable presentation on lateral cephalometry. Soft palate plays a significant role in various important functions in the head and neck region. Its varied morphology is implicated in various diseases. Study is aimed to investigate the variation of soft palate morphology in different age and gender groups. Materials & Methods: In this study, the sample comprised 202 normal subjects whose age ranged from 6-50 years. The morphology of the soft palate on lateral cephalometry was analyzed for velar morphology and categorized into different types. The dimensional differences of the soft palate between each type and the differences in proportion to different age and gender groups were studied. Results & Conclusion: The morphology of soft palate was divided into six varieties as was previously described there were significant difference in the velar length in preadults and adults. Type 1 soft morphology was the most common morphology present. Also there was statistically significant difference in length of type 3 morpholgy from rest 5 morphological varieties studied.

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Soft Palate Dimensions and Nasopharyngeal Depth (Need’s Ratio) In Different Sagittal and Vertical Skeletal Patterns: A Lateral Cephalometric Study

Khoja¹

2018

ADOH

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Objectives: Are to compare the soft palate length (SPL), width and nasopharyngeal depth (PD) in different sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns and to see the influence of different skeletal malocclusions on need's ratio (PD/SPL).Material & Methods: Lateral cephalograms of 372 patients were equally divided into sagittal (class I, II, III) and vertical skeletal patterns (normodivergent, hypodivergent, hyperdivergent) by measuring ANB and SN-MP angles, respectively. SPL, velar width (VW) and PD were recorded using Rogan Delft View Pro-X software. Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare SPL, VW, PD and need's ratio between sagittal and vertical skeletal groups. Intergroup comparisons were performed using Mann-Whitney U-test. Level of significance was kept at p≤0.05.Results: Statistically significant differences were found for VW (p=0.008) and need's ratio (p=0.035) amongst sagittal groups. Amongst vertical groups, significant differences were found for SPL (p<0.001), VW (p=0.021) and needs ratio (p=0.020). On intergroup comparison, SPL (p=0.031), VW (p=0.011) and Need's ratio (p=0.013) were significantly different between skeletal class I and III and VW (p = 0.005) between skeletal class II and III malocclusions. The SPL was significantly different between normodivergent and hypodivergent (p=0.004) and normodivergent and hyperdivergent groups (p<0.001). The VW was significantly different between hyperdivergent and hypodivergent groups (p=0.005) and needs ratio between normodivergent and hyperdivergent groups (p=0.001). Gender difference was significant for SPL which was larger in males as compared to females in skeletal class III malocclusion (p=0.001). Conclusion:Soft palate length, width and need's ratio may vary with the underlying skeletal malocclusion.

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Diverse Morphologies of Soft Palate in Normal Individuals: A Cephalometric Perspective

Cited by 11 publications

References 9 publications

Correlation of morphological variants of the soft palate and Need's ratio in normal individuals: A digital cephalometric study

Correlation of morphological variants of the soft palate and Need's ratio in normal individuals: A digital cephalometric study

Morphological varieties of soft palate in normal subjects: a digital cephalometric study

Soft Palate Dimensions and Nasopharyngeal Depth (Need’s Ratio) In Different Sagittal and Vertical Skeletal Patterns: A Lateral Cephalometric Study

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