Diverse Physiological Roles of Flavonoids in Plant Environmental Stress Responses and Tolerance

Shomali, Aida; Das, Susmita; Arif, Namira; Sarraf, Mohammad; Zahra, Noreen; Yadav, Vaishali; Aliniaeifard, Sasan; Chauhan, Devendra Kumar; Hasanuzzaman, Mirza

doi:10.3390/plants11223158

Cited by 128 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 184 publications

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“…A flavonoids-mediated suppression of ROS generation occurs through four mechanisms, including (i) inhibiting singlet oxygen, (ii) recycling of other antioxidants, (iii) chelating transition metals, and (iv) inhibiting ROS-producing enzymes (cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, monooxygenase, and xanthine oxidase). 43,75,76 However, in our study, we observed a decrease in the phenol and flavonoid content after both SA and TP applications compared to their untreated peers, which indicated that neither SA nor TP had a positive impact on phenol and flavonoids.…”

Section: Exogenous Application Of Sa and Tp Improved Physio-biochemic...contrasting

confidence: 78%

“…The determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity at 560 nm was performed using a spectrophotometer . Moreover, the Shomali et al method was used to determine the activity of peroxidase (POD) and glutathione reductase (GR) at 420 and 340 nm, respectively. Ascorbate peroxidase (APOX) enzyme quantification was performed using a standard technique …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Salicylic Acid and α-Tocopherol Ameliorate Salinity Impact on Wheat

Saeed

Ullah

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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Background: Soil salinity negatively impacts agricultural productivity. Consequently, strategies should be developed to inculcate a salinity tolerance in crops for sustainable food production. Growth regulators play a vital role in regulating salinity stress tolerance. Methods: Thus, we examined the effect of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) and alpha-tocopherol (TP) (100 mg/L) on the morphophysio-biochemical responses of two wheat cultivars (Pirsabak-15 and Shankar) to salinity stress (0 and 40 mM). Results: Both Pirsabak-15 and Shankar cultivars were negatively affected by salinity stress. For instance, salinity reduced growth attributes (i.e., leaf fresh and dry weight, leaf moisture content, leaf area ratio, shoot and root dry weight, shoot and root length, as well as root−shoot ratio), pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a, and carotenoids) but increased hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), malondialdehyde (MDA), and endogenous TP in both cultivars. Among the antioxidant enzymes, salinity enhanced the activity of peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in Pirsabak-15; glutathione reductase (GR) and PPO in Shankar, while ascorbate peroxidase (APOX) was present in both cultivars. SA and TP could improve the salinity tolerance by improving growth and photosynthetic pigments and reducing MDA and H 2 O 2 . In general, the exogenous application did not have a positive effect on antioxidant enzymes; however, it increased PPO in Pirsabak-15 and SOD in the Shankar cultivar. Conclusions: Consequently, we suggest that SA and TP could have enhanced the salinity tolerance of our selected wheat cultivars by modulating their physiological mechanisms in a manner that resulted in improved growth. Future molecular studies can contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms by which SA and TP regulate the selected wheat cultivars underlying salinity tolerance mechanisms.

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Section: Exogenous Application Of Sa and Tp Improved Physio-biochemic...contrasting

confidence: 78%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salicylic Acid and α-Tocopherol Ameliorate Salinity Impact on Wheat

Saeed

Ullah

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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“…It has many biological functions, including defense against biological and abiotic stresses. As important secondary metabolites in plants, flavonoids play an important role in pollen fertility ( Wang, L et al, 2020 ), polar auxin transport ( Zhang et al., 2021 ), and plant resistance to stress injury ( Shomali et al., 2022 ). Previous reports have shown that the accumulation of flavonoids can remove stress-reactive elements from cells, such as free radicals, monopolistic oxygen molecules and peroxides ( Wang et al., 2016 )and reduce their levels after ROS formation, thus exerting antioxidant functions and enhancing plant tolerance to abiotic and biological stresses ( Agati et al., 2012 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous abscisic acid and sodium nitroprusside regulate flavonoid biosynthesis and photosynthesis of Nitraria tangutorum Bobr in alkali stress

Zhang

Cheng²,

Dai³

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Abscisic acid (ABA) and nitric oxide (NO) are involved in mediating abiotic stress-induced plant physiological responses. Nitraria tangutorum Bobr is a typical salinized desert plant growing in an arid environment. In this study, we investigated the effects of ABA and NO on N.tangutorum seedlings under alkaline stress. Alkali stress treatment caused cell membrane damage, increased electrolyte leakage, and induced higher production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which caused growth inhibition and oxidative stress in N.tangutorum seedlings. Exogenous application of ABA (15μm) and Sodium nitroprusside (50μm) significantly increased the plant height, fresh weight, relative water content, and degree of succulency in N.tangutorum seedlings under alkali stress. Meanwhile, the contents of ABA and NO in plant leaves were significantly increased. ABA and SNP can promote stomatal closure, decrease the water loss rate, increase leaf surface temperature and the contents of osmotic regulator proline, soluble protein, and betaine under alkali stress. Meanwhile, SNP more significantly promoted the accumulation of chlorophyll a/b and carotenoids, increased quantum yield of photosystem II (φPSII) and electron transport rate (ETRII) than ABA, and decreased photochemical quenching (qP), which improved photosynthetic efficiency and accelerated the accumulation of soluble sugar, glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch, and total sugar. However, compared with exogenous application of SNP in the alkaline stress, ABA significantly promoted the transcription of NtFLS/NtF3H/NtF3H/NtANR genes and the accumulation of naringin, quercetin, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, and catechin in the synthesis pathway of flavonoid metabolites, and isorhamnetin content was the highest. These results indicate that both ABA and SNP can reduce the growth inhibition and physiological damage caused by alkali stress. Among them, SNP has a better effect on the improvement of photosynthetic efficiency and the regulation of carbohydrate accumulation than ABA, while ABA has a more significant effect on the regulation of flavonoid and anthocyanin secondary metabolite accumulation. Exogenous application of ABA and SNP also improved the antioxidant capacity and the ability to maintain Na+/K+ balance of N. tangutorum seedlings under alkali stress. These results demonstrate the beneficial effects of ABA and NO as stress hormones and signaling molecules that positively regulate the defensive response of N. tangutorum to alkaline stress.

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“…This inference is consistent with the flavonol accumulation (Figure 4) proportional to the decreased L s values. It has previously been demonstrated that phenolic compounds can regulate photosynthesis and the biosynthesis of pigment molecules (Shomali et al, 2022). Stress tolerance in chlorophyll fluorescence variables may have been achieved by Q and K promoting chlorophyll biosynthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the same study, combined Q applications with salt stress increased the net photosynthesis rate. It has been reported that flavonoid accumulation in cells controls metal chelation processes and provides plants tolerance to heavy metal ions(Mira et al, 2002;Shomali et al, 2022). In particular, phenolicmediated improvements in PSI and PSII parameters may be the results of preserving photochemical processes by promoting metal chelation and reducing oxidative damage by K and Q in the chloroplast Parvin et al (2019).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective role of quercetin and kaempferol against oxidative damage and photosynthesis inhibition in wheat chloroplasts under arsenic stress

Arikan

Yıldıztugay

Özfidan-Konakçi

2023

Physiologia Plantarum

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Arsenic (As) toxicity negatively impacts plant development, limits agricultural production, and, by entering the food chain, endangers human health. Studies on the use of natural and bioactive molecules in increasing plants' resistance to abiotic stressors, such as As, have gained increasing attention in the last few years. Flavonols are plant secondary metabolites with high potential in stress tolerance due to their roles in signal transmission. Therefore, the focus of this study was to examine the effects of two flavonols, quercetin (Q, 25 μM) and kaempferol (K, 25 μM), on growth parameters, photosynthesis, and chloroplastic antioxidant activity in wheat leaves under As stress (100 μM). As stress reduced the relative growth rate by 50% and relative water content by 25% in leaves. However, applying Q and/or K alleviated the As‐induced suppression of growth and water relations. Exogenous phenolic treatments reversed the effects of As toxicity in photochemistry and maintained the photochemical quantum efficiency of the Photosystem II (Fv/Fm). As exposure increased, the H2O2 content in wheat chloroplasts by 42% and high levels of H2O2 accumulation were also observed in guard cells in confocal microscopy images. Analysis of the chloroplastic antioxidant system has shown that Q and K applications increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase. Phenolic applications have induced the ascorbate–glutathione (AsA‐GSH) cycle in charge of the protection of the cellular redox balance in different ways. It has been determined that Q triggers the AsA renewal, and K maintains the GSH pool. As a result, Q and K applications provide tolerance to wheat plants under As stress by increasing the chloroplastic antioxidant system activity and protecting photosynthetic reactions from oxidative damage. This study reveals the potential use of plant phenolic compounds in agricultural systems as a biosafe strategy to enhance plant stress tolerance, hence increasing yield.

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Diverse Physiological Roles of Flavonoids in Plant Environmental Stress Responses and Tolerance

Cited by 128 publications

References 184 publications

Salicylic Acid and α-Tocopherol Ameliorate Salinity Impact on Wheat

Salicylic Acid and α-Tocopherol Ameliorate Salinity Impact on Wheat

Exogenous abscisic acid and sodium nitroprusside regulate flavonoid biosynthesis and photosynthesis of Nitraria tangutorum Bobr in alkali stress

Protective role of quercetin and kaempferol against oxidative damage and photosynthesis inhibition in wheat chloroplasts under arsenic stress

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