Diverse responses of sporophytic photochemical efficiency and gametophytic growth for two edible kelps, Saccharina japonica and Undaria pinnatifida, to ocean acidification and warming

Seascape Genomics of the Sugar Kelp Saccharina latissima Along the North Eastern Atlantic Latitudinal Gradient

“…The allelic variation at SNP1865 was significantly correlated with variation in SST and CDOM, suggesting the existence of an evolutionary sex-specific effect driven by these two environmental features. The idea that SST and light stressors might cause evolutionary differences at the sexual haploid stages (gametophytes) of S. latissima has been already suggested by several authors [91][92][93]. A recent comparative analysis of the transcriptome of S. latissima male and female gametophytes revealed that temperature has important implications for physiological processes which produced gender-specific effects in S. latissima such that the male gametophytes were able to tolerate higher temperatures than female gametophytes [94].…”

Effects of elevated pCO2 and nutrient enrichment on the growth, photosynthesis, and biochemical compositions of the brown alga Saccharina japonica (Laminariaceae, Phaeophyta)

“…Due to their ecological importance, many studies have focused on how environmental changes, such as OA and eutrophication, affect the growth and physiology of kelp species (Gaitán-Espitia et al, 2014; Agatsuma et al, 2014; Oh, Yu & Choi, 2015; Gao et al, 2017c). Some results showed that OA negatively influenced the microscopic development of Macrocystis pyrifera and Undaria pinnatifida (Gaitán-Espitia et al, 2014; Xu et al, 2015; Gao et al, 2019a), which may be due to the inhibition of cell activities (Ragazzola et al, 2012). In contrast, kelp sporophytes exhibited positive physiological responses to OA (Schmid, Mills & Dring, 1996; Olischlaeger et al, 2012; Gao et al, 2019a; Gao et al, 2019b) due to stimulation of photosynthetic activities by increased inorganic carbon (Olischlaeger et al, 2012).…”

“…Some results showed that OA negatively influenced the microscopic development of Macrocystis pyrifera and Undaria pinnatifida (Gaitán-Espitia et al, 2014; Xu et al, 2015; Gao et al, 2019a), which may be due to the inhibition of cell activities (Ragazzola et al, 2012). In contrast, kelp sporophytes exhibited positive physiological responses to OA (Schmid, Mills & Dring, 1996; Olischlaeger et al, 2012; Gao et al, 2019a; Gao et al, 2019b) due to stimulation of photosynthetic activities by increased inorganic carbon (Olischlaeger et al, 2012). Additionally, kelp species benefit from an increase in nutrient availability in seawater.…”

“…This kelp has also been commercially cultivated in these countries because adult sporophytes are used as food for humans and as raw industrial materials (Liu et al, 2012; Liu et al, 2014; Hwang et al, 2018). Previous studies on the physiological responses of S. japonica to OA focused mainly on the microscopic stages (Xu et al, 2015; Gao et al, 2019a) and juvenile sporophyte (Gao et al, 2019a). However, the responses of adult sporophytes to OA should also be investigated because many seaweeds showed different responses to OA during different developmental stages (Olischlaeger et al, 2012; Gao et al, 2018a; Gao et al, 2018b).…”

Temperature Modulates Sex-Biased Gene Expression in the Gametophytes of the Kelp Saccharina latissima

“…The two stages are very distinct: sporophytes are structured in holdfast, stipe and blade featuring different tissues (cortex and medulla) and may reach up to several meters in length, while gametophytes are composed of one to few cells (Hurd et al, 2014b). These morphological differences between the life stages entail different susceptibility to abiotic stressors (Coelho et al, 2000), namely high irradiance, ultraviolet radiation, and temperature (e.g., Bolton and Lüning, 1982;Fredersdorf et al, 2009;Gao et al, 2019). Therefore, any prediction of future impacts of global warming on kelps must not only consider the responses of the sporophytes but also of the other life-history stages (Roleda, 2016;Assis et al, 2017;Leal et al, 2018).…”