Diverse Targeted Approaches to Battle Multidrug Resistance in Cancer

Abstract

The efficacy of successful cancer therapies is frequently hindered by the development of drug resistance in the tumor. The term 'drug resistance' is used to illustrate the decreased effectiveness of a drug in curing a disease or alleviating the symptoms of the patient. This phenomenon helps tumors to survive the damage caused by a specific drug or group of drugs. In this context, studying the mechanisms of drug resistance and applying this information to design customized treatment regimens can improve therapeutic efficacy as well as the curative outcome. Over the years, numerous multidrug resistance (MDR) mechanisms have been recognized and tremendous effort has been put into developing agents to address them. The integration of data emerging from the elucidation of molecular and biochemical pathways and specific tumor-associated factors has shown tremendous promise within the oncology community for improving patient outcomes. In this review, we provide an overview of the utility of these molecular and biochemical signaling processes as well as tumor-associated factors associated with MDR, for the rational selection of cancer treatment strategies.

Matrine reverses the drug resistance of K562/ADM cells to ADM and VCR via promoting autophagy

“…Multidrug resistance refers to the fact that tumor cells are not only resistant to one anti-tumor drug, but also resistant to other anti-tumor drugs with different molecular structures and effects. Multidrug resistance greatly reduces the treatment efficacy of anti-tumor drugs ( 4 , 5 ). At present, the multidrug resistance of tumors to different chemotherapeutic drugs is still the main cause of chemotherapy failure, which is also a major problem in cancer treatment, including leukemia.…”

Design and Synthesis of 5‐Morpholino‐Thiophene‐Indole/ Oxindole Hybrids as Cytotoxic Agents

“…Chemotherapy, which involves use of chemotherapeutic drugs targeting various cell apoptosis pathways, cell division and angiogenesis, is one of the effective tool to treat cancer . However, due to increased drug resistance in cancer cells and their off‐target side effects, there is a demand to develop innocuous anti‐cancer agents with enhanced efficacy . In this context, molecular hybridization involving amalgamation of two or more pharmacophores of bioactive scaffolds to produce a single molecular entity has proven to be very effective treatment strategy for suppression and eradication of tumor growth .…”

Nanotechnology approaches in the current therapy of skin cancer

“…Nanotechnology is an exciting and promising alternative for overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR), since through this tool, it is possible to provide treatment in a specific, orderly way, with smaller doses of therapeutic agents and fewer toxic effects. The use of nanocarriers enables the effective, targeted delivery of several therapeutic agents made from combinations of molecules aimed at acting synergistically and effectively against cancer types that are resistant and no longer responsive to conventional therapies [49][50][51][52][53][54].…”