Diversidad de artrópodos y moluscos asociados al cultivo de lechuga

Abstract

Despite the economic importance of lettuce, no studies have examined the diversity of species associated with this crop that could contribute to the development of an ecological management of phytophagous arthropods and mollusks. This study was aimed at determining the predominant species of arthropods and mollusks in two lettuce cultivars (curly-leaf Veronica and smooth-leaf Elisa). A total of 9,638 specimens of arthropods and mollusks was collected and identified to 27 constant species, 17 classified as accessory and two as accidental species. Seven species of aphids were identified, with Nasonovia ribisnigri, Uroleucon sonchi, and Uroleucon ambrosiae as the most frequent, as well as three species of thrips, predominantly Caliothrips phaseoli and Frankliniella schultzei. Other phytophagous arthropods and mollusks occurred at frequencies below 10%. Among natural enemies, predators of the families Syrphidae (2.74%), Coccinellidae (1.66%), Staphylinidae (0.79%) and Carabidae (0.17%) and parasitoids of the order Hymenoptera (0.93%) were observed. Of the total specimens collected, 53.87% are considered phytophagous species, mostly aphids (40.82%), followed by thrips (11.35%). The aphid N. ribisnigri was the main pest species, as it forms colonies in the lettuce head and can spread plant viruses. Phytophagous pests preferred smooth over curly leaves.Key words: Lactuca sativa, pests, natural enemies, constancy index, biological control, biodiversity. RESUMEN A pesar de la importancia económica de la lechuga, no hay estudios que hayan analizado la diversidad de especies asociadas a este cultivo que podrían contribuir al manejo ecológico de los artrópodos fitófagos y moluscos. Este estudio tuvo como finalidad determinar las especies predominantes de artrópodos y moluscos en dos cultivares de lechuga (Veronica de hoja rizada y Elisa de hoja lisa

Insect pests and natural enemies associated with lettuce Lactuca sativa L. (Asteraceae) in an aquaponics system

“…In Brazil, M. euphorbiae is one of the main pests of lettuce in protected cultivation, and a vector of the LMV virus 37 . This aphid has been reported in hydroponic lettuce in São Paulo state 35 and in lettuce fields in Paraná state 34 . Additionally, H. lactucae and P. bursarius are common in many countries 38 – 40 and can be vectors of plant viruses in lettuce 41 – 43 .…”

“…The green peach aphid, M. persicae , is an important pest worldwide. This aphid causes up to 50% loss of yield in vegetable crops, due to phytovirus transmission 34 . In Brazil, M. persicae comprised 38% of individuals of three aphid species found in hydroponic lettuce 35 .…”

Insect pests and natural enemies associated with lettuce Lactuca sativa L. (Asteraceae) in an aquaponics system

“…The green peach aphid, M. persicae, is an important pest worldwide. This aphid causes up to 50% loss of yield in vegetable crops, due to phytovirus transmission (Zawadneak et al 2017). In São Paulo state, M. persicae comprised 38% of individuals of three aphid species found in hydroponic lettuce (Auad et al 2002).…”

“…In Brazil, M. euphorbiae is one of the main pests of lettuce in protected cultivation, and a vector of the LMV virus (Conti 2008). This aphid has been reported in hydroponic lettuce in São Paulo state (Auad et al 2002) and in lettuce elds in Paraná state (Zawadneak et al 2017).…”

“…Although the diversity of pests and natural enemies in lettuce grown in eld and hydroponic conditions has been widely studied (Auad et In the present study, F. schultzei and C. phaseoli constituted 99% of the captured specimens among the ve thrips species found in lettuce (Table 2). Frankliniella schultzei and C. phaseoli are considered the most abundant and harmful in lettuce grown in the eld and hydroponically (Zawadneak et al 2017;Haro et al 2018). The former is a vector of tospoviruses (genus Tospovirus, family Bunyaviridae), an important group of viruses affecting many plant species, including lettuce.…”