Diversidad de comunidades de palmas en el Chocó biogeográfico y su relación con la precipitación

Copete, Juan Carlos; Sánchez, Mauricio; Cámara‐Leret, Rodrigo; Balslev, Henrik

doi:10.15446/caldasia.v41n2.66576

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The 0.5° grid cells with the highest diversity in terms of both species and genera are located in the Chocó region (Figure 2b,c). These results, especially for the municipality of Buenaventura, are similar to those presented by Copete et al (2019), where 42 palm species in 2.5 ha in Bahia Malaga were recorded. Copete et al (2019) also demonstrated that palm diversity is correlated with precipitation in the Chocó.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…These results, especially for the municipality of Buenaventura, are similar to those presented by Copete et al (2019), where 42 palm species in 2.5 ha in Bahia Malaga were recorded. Copete et al (2019) also demonstrated that palm diversity is correlated with precipitation in the Chocó. Indeed, precipitation is an important factor explaining palm richness in the Chocó (Copete et al, 2019; Gentry, 1986), the rainiest region in the Americas (~11,000 mm per year).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Copete et al (2019) also demonstrated that palm diversity is correlated with precipitation in the Chocó. Indeed, precipitation is an important factor explaining palm richness in the Chocó (Copete et al, 2019; Gentry, 1986), the rainiest region in the Americas (~11,000 mm per year). In addition, both generic and specific diversity are high along the base of the Andes in northwestern Ecuador, in the Colombian Chocó, and in parts of the Magdalena Valley (Figure 2b,c).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Diversity and conservation status of palms (Arecaceae) in two hotspots of biodiversity in Colombia and Ecuador

Couvreur,

Jijon,

Montúfar

et al. 2024

Plants People Planet

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Societal Impact StatementPalms provide vital plant resources and ecosystem services to people across the tropics. To improve conservation guidance, a “health check” of palms in two highly threatened biodiversity hotspots in Colombia and Ecuador was undertaken. Palms are very diverse in these regions, but over one third are threatened with extinction now, especially among endemic species. Widespread and useful palms are also under intense human pressure and need to be prioritized in terms of sustainable management practices. Given the importance of palms for humans, inclusive conservation actions should be continued in both countries in order to safeguard this resource.Summary Palms provide central plant resources to societies in the tropics, especially in the Global South. The western Pacific and Andean regions of Colombia and Ecuador host two hotspots of biodiversity. To prioritize conservation policies towards palms, we undertook a conservation assessment of species in the region. We compiled a taxonomically verified database of specimens collected in both hotspots. We inferred preliminary conservation assessments using International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Criteria B. In addition, we evaluated the level of exposure of palms to human use and population density using the anthrome concept. We documented 144 native palm species in 33 genera occurring in both hotspots of Colombia and Ecuador. Of these, 55 are endemic to this region. We recorded 133 species for Colombia, 43 endemic, and 71 species for Ecuador, 9 endemic. A third of all palm species in the region are potentially threatened with extinction (50/144) and 12 as preliminary Critically Endangered. Aiphanes and Geonoma have the highest number of threatened species. In total, 60% of palm specimens were collected in the “low human impact” anthrome type. In contrast, 41% of specimens occur in high human density areas. The two hotspots of biodiversity in Colombia and Ecuador are very diverse in palms. However, we show that this diversity is under threat and is predominantly found in areas impacted by human activities. Extinction risk is highest in endemic species in both countries. Widespread and useful palm species also face threats linked to overexploitation or habitat loss. Inclusive conservation measures should be designed to conserve, together with communities, this plant resource.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Diversity and conservation status of palms (Arecaceae) in two hotspots of biodiversity in Colombia and Ecuador

Couvreur,

Jijon,

Montúfar

et al. 2024

Plants People Planet

Self Cite

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“…Detailed floristic studies led by Gentry (1986) in 0.1 ha plots in areas with different levels of rainfall in the Chocó revealed differences in species diversity correlated with precipitation. A strikingly similar correlation between species richness, individual abundancy and precipitation was found more recently to occur in palms (Copete et al, 2019). More species have been recorded from plots located in wetter areas of the Chocó than in plots situated in drier localities, even though all sites present higher individual densities compared with most other continental ecosystems around the world (Gentry, 1986).…”

Section: Biogeography Climate and Diversity Of The Chocósupporting

confidence: 80%

The Origin and Diversification of the Hyperdiverse Flora in the Chocó Biogeographic Region

et al. 2019

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Extremely high levels of plant diversity in the American tropics are derived from multiple interactions between biotic and abiotic factors. Previous studies have focused on macro-evolutionary dynamics of the Tropical Andes, Amazonia, and Brazil’s Cerrado and Atlantic forests during the last decade. Yet, other equally important Neotropical biodiversity hotspots have been severely neglected. This is particularly true for the Chocó region on the north-western coast of South and Central America. This geologically complex region is Earth’s ninth most biodiverse hotspot, hosting approximately 3% of all known plant species. Here, we test Gentry’s [1982a,b] hypothesis of a northern Andean-Central American Pleistocene origin of the Chocoan flora using phylogenetic reconstructions of representative plant lineages in the American tropics. We show that plant diversity in the Chocó is derived mostly from Andean immigrants. Contributions from more distant biogeographical areas also exist but are fewer. We also identify a strong floristic connection between the Chocó and Central America, revealed by multiple migrations into the Chocó during the last 5 Ma. The dated phylogenetic reconstructions suggest a Plio-Pleistocene onset of the extant Chocó flora. Taken together, these results support to a limited extend Gentry’s hypothesis of a Pleistocene origin and of a compound assembly of the Chocoan biodiversity hotspot. Strong Central American–Chocoan floristic affinity may be partly explained by the accretion of a land mass derived from the Caribbean plate to north-western South America. Additional densely sampled phylogenies of Chocoan lineages also well represented across the Neotropics could enlighten the role of land mass movements through time in the assembly of floras in Neotropical biodiversity hotspots.

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“…The department of Chocó hosts almost 3% of plant diversity, including endemic species, tropical forests, and exotic crops [6]. Furthermore, tropical forests have been shown to be essential ecosystems for carbon balance and climate change mitigation [7]. Indeed, Colombia's bioeconomy strategy for 2020-2030 prioritizes the biogeographic Chocó as one of the main regions for developing high-value-added products and services from the plant species that are characteristic of the region [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential for Sustainable Production of Natural Colorants in the Tropical Forest: A Biorefinery Case of Annatto Seeds

et al. 2023

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Tropical forests are a source of several high-value products that provide livelihood to small communities in different regions. Exotic fruits such as annatto are feedstock sources containing bioactive compounds with important applications in the food industry. Nevertheless, the integral use of annatto for community improvement and the crop’s contribution to carbon sequestration in tropical forests have not been analyzed. This paper aims to demonstrate the economic and environmental performance of small-scale alternatives to obtain natural colorants using annatto seed. The extraction of natural colorants (bixin and norbixin) was analyzed using ethanol and NaOH as solvents. The experimental results were used to simulate two scenarios. Scenario one involved bixin production, and scenario two comprised bixin and norbixin production. The economic and environmental assessments were performed considering the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology based on a Colombian context. The best extraction yield was 72.65 mg g−1 for bixin and 193.82 mg g−1 for norbixin. From a simulation perspective, scenario two showed the best economic performance since a payback period of 3.1 years was obtained. The LCA showed a high CO2 sequestration potential (6.5 kg CO2 eq kg−1 seed) of the annatto crop. Moreover, the solvents used during the colorant extraction proved to be the most environmentally representative. Nevertheless, the CO2 sequestration of the crop continues to exceed the emissions generated by the process. This work demonstrates that the annatto is an alternative for small communities to reach equilibrium between the economic and environmental of the tropical forest.

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Diversidad de comunidades de palmas en el Chocó biogeográfico y su relación con la precipitación

Cited by 3 publications

References 33 publications

Diversity and conservation status of palms (Arecaceae) in two hotspots of biodiversity in Colombia and Ecuador

Diversity and conservation status of palms (Arecaceae) in two hotspots of biodiversity in Colombia and Ecuador

The Origin and Diversification of the Hyperdiverse Flora in the Chocó Biogeographic Region

Potential for Sustainable Production of Natural Colorants in the Tropical Forest: A Biorefinery Case of Annatto Seeds

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